What metal do Russian coins make. Metals used for the production of Russian coins. Stamp molding and engraving
Throughout the history of money, one of the fundamental issues of their release was the choice of material for manufacture. Metal, and later alloys of metals, could serve as an equivalent of a nominal coin, and could play the role of his symbol with a certain degree of protection and reliability. What metal and alloys did and now coins in Russia are doing - this is a whole reservoir study of Russian numismatics, which makes a separate page of its domestic history. Significant interest is the ratio of the cost of metal to the purchasing power of money, for the chasing of which it was used, and how it all changed over the centuries.
Historical reference
With the appearance of the first Russian metal coins, more than millennia passed, and throughout this time, the metal of the main money supply was silver. A considerable place and value in it were occupied by gold and copper, and yet silver in all ages was out of competition until the coming of Soviet power. The word "money" has Turkic roots, and in the Domongolian period in Russia there was a walking word-equivalent "Srebro", which clearly shows the importance of this metal in the passing monetary circulation.
The first copper in this quality appeared in the troubled times of feudal fragmentation against the background of the poverty of the treasury of individual subjects. And already when Ivan, Golden discs saw the light. However, those and others had very limited walking. And only under Peter Great and Copper, and gold acquired their durable place in cash flow in Russia and in international calculations. But each metal costs separate attention.
Silver
The chasing of the first so-called "Srebrenikov" began under the rule of Vladimir the Great. The approximate time is the 990s. It was a domestic Russian chasing, whose time was concerned about long. Literally from the second half of the next century in Russia, the "mamondening period" began, during which silver ingots performed the payment tool.
The coin chasing was resumed during the reign of Dmitry Donskoy, but only two denominations made of silver were introduced into appeal - half and dengue. And only after an addende on the throne of Ivan the Terrible, the first pennies appeared in everyday life, which was destined to become the basis of state cash walking. In the middle of the XVII century, the first rubles, which were also minted in the metal and were silver, however, only after half a century, they found a full status in the money turnover of the Russian state.
With Peter I, the appearance of the coin changed, but it was all the same silver. And only with the arrival of Soviet power from using this metal was decided to refuse. The last coins for regular circulation from the noble metal were dated 1931. True, they disappeared from the turnover with a record speed.
Gold
The appearance of the first gold coins in Russia occurred at about the same time as silver, but their volumes were incomparable, and the lords who came to power after the X century, and at all stopped the "golden" coin production. With Peter I, the coins of gold finally occupied a durable place in circulation, these were 2 rubles and the so-called Chervonians, on which their nominal nominal was not specified. At the board of Elizabeth Petrovna, new 5 and 10 rubles cameras appeared. In the period when paper banknotes were catastrophically depreciated, gold money remained solid and reliable cash tool were extremely demanded and had a high course.
The last revolving circulation took place in 1923, these were Chervonians identical to the royal 10 rubles. But 10-ruble coins made from precious metal, minted in order to provide paper worms, did not reach the population. And abroad they refused to be refused due to the Soviet symbolism shown on them. For this reason, the release was stopped, and the minted circulation went to the smelter. Subsequently, the coins from this dragmetal were produced only with an investment goal and were not intended for regular walking.
Copper
The first copper coins were called pools, were produced in the XV century in the Novgorod and Tver territories, but did not receive distribution. They were chalks in size and did not possess an ideal round form. The ratio of their nominal value to silver coins is still not exactly clarified, more precisely, numismatians failed to come to a common opinion. The pools were walking, although very limited, before the merge of Russia, after which the copper money appeared again only under Alexei Mikhailovic. It was an attempt to equate silver and copper, based on their size and weight.
As a result, the crushing collapse of the course was followed and the infamous "copper riot followed by him followed. The idea was recognized as an unsuccessful, and they quickly refused. Full-fledged copper coins began to be minted since the beginning of the 18th century, and they already had a modern round shape and went on a par with silver "scales", much ahead of their time in this sense. The excellent quality of these copper coins made it possible to partially replace the volume of mint silver, in which the country has already lacked.
From this metal, the first coins of Russia were made, in particular, the younger rates of up to 5 kopecks inclusive 1924, however, the production of copper coins was recognized as unprofitable and already in 1026, other metals came to replace - in particular, more durable and Less expensive bronze.
In the newest history of Russia, a copper coin with Melchior Poster was also released, these were 5 rubles in 1997. They did not minimize them, replacing the basis for steel, but they still meet in appeal to this day.
Kolyvan copper
This type of copper is worth highlighting separately. It was obtained from ore, mined at the Kolyvan field located in the Altai Territory. Here in the XVIII century. Silver and gold were mined, after which copper received from ore still contained some admixtures of these precious metals. For example, the percentage of gold could reach the values \u200b\u200bof 0.01%, and silver, respectively, up to 0.8%. Of course, this was not enough to appear visual differences, but the estimated price of the metal was already different - 4 times higher.
It was proposed to minted special money that called "Siberian coins". Their main feature was a smaller weight - they were easier than usual 1.5 times. Especially for these needs a mint of the courtyard opens, called Suzunsky and located on a small distance from the modern city of Barnaul. The chasing of the Siberian coins of younger denominations up to 10 kopecks inclusively continues here in the period 1763-1781. They are distinguished by another drawing with the presence of the coat of arms of Siberia.
The gradually improving technology for extracting precious metals from copper ore led to the fact that their remaining impurity became insignificant. At the same time, coins were still minuing in lightweight, the result of which expected became unprecedented by the scope of counterfeit. Fake "Siberian Money" was stamped from ordinary copper, the cost of which was 4 times lower, bringing huge baryrs fraudsters.
Platinum
Unlike other metals, from which money was minted for centuries, platinum was opened only during the reign of Alexander I. Its deposits were found in the Mountains of the Urals, and they were very significant. Consumer coins from platinum began only under Nicolae I, these were 3, 6, 12 rubles. Due to the much greater estimated cost of metal and the use of the same equipment as for silver chasing, the changes affected the denominations. At the same weight and sizes of the coin disks, they were increased by 12 times (ruble silver coin began to correspond to a 12-ruble platinum, etc.).
The massive issue of money from the precious metallol fell on 1828-45, until the fakes who were used again on the path of the state monetary machine, who this time were used for Chekane "platinum" money much cheaper silver. In conditions of insufficient illumination, they were very easy to confuse. As a result, the entire platinum coin stock, stored in the state treasury, and all that managed to return to it from the turnover was sold to the smelter in England. In the new story to the production of coins from platinum returned already during the period of Soviet power, but it was no longer running, and collectible memorable and investment issues, the end of which was laid in 1995
Palladium
This metal has a lot of similarity with platinum with significantly smaller density testimony. According to this parameter, palladium is closer to traditional silver. Cash signs from it for walking in regular turnover did not minimize, these were only limited issues of collecting destination in improved quality. They were produced in a short period of 1977-95.
Copper-nickel alloy
This mint metal came to replace more expensive silver on the second decade of Soviet power. From it were first minted 10, 15 and 20 kopecks. In appearance, the alloy has a silver color with a slight greenish tide. He has a copper base with nickel included in it, playing the role of a doping element. The compound has increased resistance to wear and corrosion and varies on two types - structural and electrical. In the monetary production, the first, construction type, which also has two varieties is: nezilber and Melchior. In the first case, zinc is added to copper and nickel, in the second - iron and manganese.
What made coins of Russia of the Soviet period made from? In particular, the copper-nickel alloy, called Nasyzilber-10, was used to make translated coins in 1958 during the 1961-91 period. On the same billets, the anniversary coins of 1965-70 were minted. Subsequently, copper-nickel alloy with high nickel content began to be used for anniversary coins to improve the running characteristics and appearance. Copper nickel alloys in different percentage ratio and with an impurity of various other metals are still used. The content of copper in them can reach up to 90%, the nickel component usually does not exceed the threshold of 20%.
What are 10 ruble coins made from?
For modern bimetallic tens in Russia, a melchive insert is used. In this alloy, in addition to copper and nickel, includes 0.8% of iron and slightly more, about 1% manganese. Along with the copper-nickel alloy, the coins of 10 rubles of the modern stage were produced from steel plated by Melchior. Externally, they are practically no different, but are easily identified by magnet.
Bronze
Another mint metal of the Soviet period, which served as a replacement for more expensive copper. In addition to the lower cost, bronze has another important advantage - a higher resistance to the effect of aggressive environmental factors. It is based on all the same copper (up to 90%) with the addition of other metals in various proportions, including tin, aluminum, lead, as well as silicon and beryllium. Their interest ratio may vary, and depending on this bronze can be called tin (traditional bronze), aluminum, lead, etc.
In color, such coins are more yellow in comparison with pure copper. In the air, they quickly acquire a darker shade due to the formation of a protective film, due to which the further oxidation of the metal surface slows down. In the monetary production, bronze was used in the period from 1926-57, after which she had an alloy based on copper and zinc. But in 1990, it appeared in the new capacity - from this metal began to make inserts for 10-ruble Russian bimetallic coins.
Brass
It is a compound of copper and zinc for which the reduced copper content is characterized. Its cost is much lower bronze and actually clean copper. In the current monetary production, this material is used mainly for the external coating of steel blanks, however, in the history of Russia of the post-Soviet period and purely brass samples of coins 10 and 50 kopecks. Also in this capacity, rings of bimetallic 10 rubles Chekane 2000-16 were performed. And some anniversary instances of the period 1995-96.
Nickel
The history of using this metal in the coin chasing is very short. These are 2-kopeck probes of 1883, which were discovered 4 years after they were checked in the crust of the SPMD (only 68 pieces). A certain industrialist Permikin from the Urals offered for this purpose nickel extracted at his mines, but further trial parties, to which they returned twice, in 1911 and in 1916, did not go.
Red brass
A little-known to a wide consumer alloy used to cast 10 and 50-penny coins in the period 2006-15. Excellent showed itself in the production of cutlery, but, with all the high costs and high quality, in the coin case, it turned out to be unsuitable due to the rapid loss of the appearance.
Steel
This is the cheapest of all metals used in the monetary production. Used since the 90s of the last century for chasing coins of lower denominations, most often with an external plating by other alloys. The disadvantage of increased hardness of steel is the rapid wear of stamps to the joy of modern numismators, since it is this metal that gives a large number of stamped marriages in the form of splits, cutting and non-stock.
Such a simple question is of interest in many people.
Starting from the XVIII century in the Russian Empire, coins coins from 3 main metals: gold, silver and copper. In 1828, platinum joined the above metals. But the coins made of precious metal existed quite a bit of time: only 17 years old. Already in 1845, coins from platinum were withdrawn from circulation and completely stopped further distribution. Coins continued to be minted from 3 metals until 1926. It was this year that in the Soviet Union decided to replace the aluminum bronze previously used copper. As for silver coins, they existed until 1931, and then silver changed to Melchior. It was then that alloys were actively used, which consisted of non-precious metals. Similar alloys are relevant to this day. It is worth paying attention to such a fact that the collectors make exceptions and sometimes produce memorable coins completely from precious metals. Now we take a look at alloys that took place in Soviet and Russian coins.
1. Gold
The very first coins appeared precisely from gold. More precisely, in that alloy the share of gold was 75%. Gold is known for its softness and plasticity, as well as beautiful yellow. . Due to the fact that gold is valued very high, it was used only for especially large and valuable coins. Gold does not differ in good strength, so it was often used in alloy with copper to increase the strength of coins.
2. Silver
In the very first historical coins included, in addition to gold, silver (25%).
Silver is distinguished by its plasticity and softness. It is distinguished by amazing silver color. Also silver knows its low casting qualities and its wonderful chemical resistance. According to the structure of silver harder gold. But its hardness is still not enough, so with a coin chasing uses a silver alloy with copper.
3. Platinum
The first coins from appeared in Russia in 1828, and already in 1845 they stopped it. The main version of such a sudden termination of the chasing is that then platinum from Europe took off sharply in price, which affected the coin chasing. It was too expensive to produce them.
Platinum itself is a solid and small plastic metal. The color of it is gray-steel. Platinum is known for its chemical resistance. In Russia, coins were minted from untreated platinum, since in those years they simply could not be separated from the platinum group.
In total, the USSR released eleven coins from platinum, and in Russia in the 90s - sixteen such coins. Since 1996, coins from platinum stopped producing.
I would like to note that the coins of these 3 metals are precisely a long time in a tough environment (land), are not subject to oxidation and corrosion, and even even there are surface changes on the coin, then you can easily clean it.
4. Copper
Copper is a red metal, which is not so racks chemically like platinum, gold or silver. At the same time, copper is 3 times harder than gold and 2 - silver. No cleaned copper was used for coinage coins, but after the appearance of electroplated methods of purification, not purified copper stopped slipping into mint yards.
In Russia and the USSR, coins for internal turnover of copper were produced from 1700 to 1926. Since 1926, copper has been replaced with aluminum bronze.
5. Aluminum Bronze
This metal is all known as an alloy of a yellowish shade, which consists of 95% of copper, and the remaining 5% falls at a fraction of aluminum. Such a type of bronze is known for its resistance to wear, which means the coin has very strong physical properties.
In the USSR, aluminum bronze was used during the release of coins with a nominal value of 1,2,3 and 5 kopecks during 1927-1957.
6. Latuan
Brass is an alloy from zinc and copper and has a yellow color. Brass hard copper. In the Soviet Union from 1958 to 1991, the brass was used during the coin chasing, the denomination of which was 1,2,3 and 5 kopecks. In 1991, 10-penny brass coins were minted. In Russia, brass coins were minimized from 1992 to 1993 in coins, the denomination of which was 50 and 100 rubles, respectively. Since 1997, brass coins are minted with a par value of 10 and 50 kopecks. Also, the brass has been used since 1997 and in ten-pavets from Bimetal.
7. Melchior
This is an alloy of copper, zinc and nickel. It has a beautiful color, the same as in silver. Very racks to mechanical and chemical influences. In the Soviet Union, he was minuing for coins from turnover of 10, 15 and 20 kopecks in 1931-1957. Since 1997, it has been used in 1 and 5 kopecks, as well as in 5 rubles (until mid-2009) for plating (coatings) of coins.
8. Copper nickel alloy
It also has a silver color, but less racks to the physical and mechanical impacts of the rattle of the napelhior. It was the basis for the USSR coins, in 1958-1991 for 10, 15, 20, 50 kopecks, as well as for 1 ruble. From this alloy, the issue has begun and for commemorative, as well as the USSR anniversary coins in 1965-1991, however, in 1975, the coins began to increase the content of nickel, to improve the mechanical properties and appearance of coins. After the collapse of the USSR from the copper-nickel alloy minted a hatching with a face value of 10, 20, 50 and 100 rubles until 1993. Since 1997, 1 and 2 rubles appeared from this alloy.
9. Steel, plated
Such steel began to be used during the GCCP (1991) for coins with a face value of 10 kopecks. Usually, coins are placed by Melchior, brass or copper so that she looks beautiful and chalk golden or silver color. Now this way in Russia is produced by coins for all denominations.
10. Bimetallic coins
These are coins that are made of two metals and having just two components. They also began to minimize since 1991 and fall out so far, all known 10 rubles. In which the ring is made of brass, and the drive (core) from Melchior.
As can be seen from the foregoing since the 20th century, when progress stepped far forward, began to change and alloys for the release of coins. First of all, it is made of economic and mechanical considerations. The state is looking for ways to make coins not only break-even, but the coins did not grieve and could still be in circulation. For example, as the coins of 1997-1998, which still can be found in the turnover and who have not lost their initial view for so many years.
It is also important to know from what a coin consists, those who are engaged in a cop, like me. Indeed, for each coin detected in the earth, there are only certain cleaning methods, for example, for copper, methods of cleaning from silver, etc. do not fit.
You have been helpful. This article was useful.
Coins as a means of means appeared long before paper money. It turns out that they were made not only of gold and silver.
During the board in England, King George IV, in 1825, a alloy called "Metal Barton" was used as a mint-metal. It was copper covered with a thick layer of gold.
From gold to cardboard
For the production of British perfects, the so-called corona gold was used - 22 carats of gold and 2 carats of ligatures - usually, copper or silver. In the modern Great Britain, the coin is worth 1 pound and 3 pence chopped from nickel brass - copper alloy, zinc (from 3 to 30%) and a small amount of nickel. Italian coins of 50 and 100 lire until they introduced the euro, made from stainless steel (iron alloy with chromium and nickel). In the Bohemia of the XVIII century and France XIX metal money was minted from tin alloy and lead or from copper alloy with antimony.
The very early coins, mined in Lydia and in the Frankish state, were made of ore containing 75% of gold and 25% silver.
But there was a time when, instead of metals for the manufacture of coins, their surrogates were used, and not always durable. For example, in 1574 in the Netherlands, in 1915 in Mexico during hyperinflation, after the First World War in Germany, Cardboard was used for this purpose. In Russia, postage stamps went as coins. In Japan, at the end of World War II, coins made of burnt clay were issued. Embossed skin pieces were used as a means of payment in the 16th century during wars in Europe. As they believed during the reign of the Ptolemyev dynasty in Egypt and in Thailand at the beginning of the 18th century, they were put into circulation of the coin from the porcelain.
Multicolored coins
In modern Russia for each nominal coin, its alloy of metals is used corresponding to their nominal value - from here and different color of coins. Each coin has its own definite weight.
White coins, a nominal value of 1 and 5 kopecks, made from bimetal - special steel alloy, plated Melchior. Plating gives a white coin. To be more accurate, the steel is the "core" of coins. Melchior allows you to make a coin more wear-resistant and durable.
Coins with a par value of 10 and 50 kopecks - yellow - made from brass. They do not have impurities of other metals.
Ruble coins with a par value of 1 and 2 rubles made from copper and nickel alloy. And nickel in this alloy more than copper, as copper is easily deformed, therefore, and coins with its large content would be less durable.
Fifvest coins are performed from bimetal. The basis of the coin is made of copper, and the surface is placed by Melchior.
Coins of dignity of 10 rubles to last year were also manufactured from Bimetal, but in several other technology. The basis is the plate of the coin - cast from Melchior, and the ring - from brass, so coins have a double color. Since 2010, new ten-mending coins have been introduced into the turnover, which are made of steel coated with copper by electroplating (copper "increases" to steel under the influence of electric current).
It is known that the first monetary units existed in the form of coins (paper bills appeared later). For their manufacture, used mainly precious metals or alloys of them. For example, in Greece for the production of coins, a fusion of silver and gold was used, and in China, the coins were made of copper. The cost of coins from precious metals turned out to be high, so over time they were replaced by cheaper counterparts - bronze, brass, etc. From what else did the money have been manufactured? What makes coins in Russia do?
Antique gold coin
Overview of metals and alloys
Metals were used for the production of small money:
- Platinum: Coins from this metal were in the monetary turnover of the Russian Empire from 1828 to 1845. The first coins were minted with a nominal value of 3 rubles, then, in 1829 hexpores, and a year later - twelve-carv. Today in the Russian Federation from platinum is made only investment coins.
- Gold: The first coins were made from this metal. Now gold money is collective.
- Silver: From this metal, the very first coins were made. Now silver is used to make souvenir and investment coins. Copper is added to the metal to give it the necessary strength.
- Copper: From this metal, the coins began to do with ancient times and to the Middle Ages. Copper was used not only in its pure form, but also in alloys with bronze and brass.
- Nickel: This metal was also raw material for the production of small exchange coins, but still it was not used in its pure form - copper was added to the nickel. From such a alloy coins were made from 1850.
- Aluminum: Corrosion resistance makes it a suitable raw material for the production of coins. The money, which included this metal, appeared during the First World War. In addition to aluminum, the alloy for the manufacture of coins also contained magnesium.
Silver coin of Russia
As for alloys, the following are applied to making money:
- akmonital: Nickel + Chrome steel;
- aurihalk (brass): copper + zinc;
- billon: copper + silver;
- virenium: Nickel + Zinc + Copper;
- nORDIK, or aluminum bronze;
- melchior: Nickel + Marganese + Iron.
What metal make coins today?
In Russia today, in the manufacture of concrete coins, the alloy of a certain color is used. 1 kopeck and 5 kopecks are made from a bimetal, which is steel with a melchior coating (just such a coating and gives coins white color and necessary strength). Talky and fifty-taught coins are made from brass, thanks to which they have clean yellow color.
Metal money with a par value of 1 and 2 rubles made from an alloy consisting of copper and nickel. The second metal prevails in the alloy and makes it wear-resistant and durable. Coin discs with a par value of 10 rubles consist of a melchior, and the rings are from brass, which is why metal money is two-color.
As for anniversary and commemorative coins in the Russian Federation, they use brass and copper-nickel alloy for their production. From gold and silver in Russia, coins of investment purposes are manufactured (they were proposed to the population in 1996).
The alloys used for the manufacture of coins give small money the necessary wear resistance, which allows them for a long period of time to be present in circulation.
Money in deep old days most often did from precious metals. After all, non-indoor coins easily melted and turned into a jewelry. Their nominal approximately corresponded to the cost of metal. The natural alloy of gold with silver - electrolya was used. When silver became too expensive, and the money from it is small and uncomfortable, copper went into business and her alloy with tin - bronze. So gradually formed the main mint group consisting of gold, silver and copper. On the illustration below, we will see this trinity on the example of making medals together with alchemical symbols (top on the left - gold, top right - silver, bottom left - copper).
In difficult times, when the copper chasoker turned out to be too expensive, iron, lead and tin went into the course. After establishing low prices for aluminum, it began to use it for the release of small things. In numismatic catalogs, even if they indicate the composition of the alloy (and the pure metals for walking are most often unsuitable), one or another section of the main metal is determined: "Gold", "silver" or "copper" ("bronze").
Main metal coins of the Russian Federation
If the conversation goes about everyday copies that have recently left the mint, then they make them from steel. It is the alloy of iron with the addition of carbon is currently the basis for the issuance of the revolving settlements of the Russian Federation. Given that carbon in the mint steel is contained to 1.7%, we are talking about high carbon steel.
To impart coins of wear-resistant and countering corrosion, they are coated with galvanic coating. For the most recent issues of denominations below the ruble is brass. Coins of ruble denominations are covered with nickel. All steel coins have pronounced magnetic properties. The above is a steel five, made on the workpiece, erroneously avoiding the galvanization.
Monetary metals of Russia
Silver. For the Russian kingdom, it was the main mold metal. As long as Vladimir, Svyatopolka and Yaroslavl minted a silver coin. After a mammary period, the Russian kingdom again acquires a silver coin, known among collectors under the name "Scales". With Peter, the first silver coins acquire a round shape, approaching European counterparts. Gradually, silver test is reduced. High-period silver (900th sample) under Nicolae II remains only among major denominations (25 and 50 kopecks, as well as ruble). Food, five-tight, grivens and pyataks are minted from low sample silver, referred to as Billon. Silver can only be called half. Currently, silver 999th samples is used to issue investment instances (for example, "Georgy Victorious"). Sterling silver (925th sample) is the coins of the Russian Federation for collectors.
Gold. The first gold money in Russia appeared at Prince Vladimir. Ivan III minted the golden "ship" and began the release of Ugrass, who received a name from Hungarian Dukatov, penetrating Russia from Western Europe. Rather, these were coin medals given as a reward for feats or diligence. The full-fledged means of payment they become under Peter the first. For the manufacture, high underfiguous worm gold is used, where copper protrudes the ligature. This money is so referred to as Chervonets. If they are specified in rubles, it is a large amount: from two rubles and higher. The Soviet Chervonetsian of 1923 can be considered the last coin that has been made of gold as a negotiable. Next, gold is used only for cacking collection or investment coins.
Copper. The first releases of copper money led to the "copper" riots. Such a rigid attitude to copper in the population was formed due to the inconvenience of her walking (the salary was issued with copper money, and the taxes were harvested exclusively by silver) and a large number of no secured coins. In some period, 170 rubles copper exchanged just six rubles with silver. Copper from 1700 firmly entered into circulation only by the volitional decision of Peter the first. With different rulers, the meaning of the mint (the number of rubles that minted from the copper) varied significantly.
Special place in the chasing of Russian money is occupied by Kolyvan copper with impurities of gold and silver. From December 1763, the Suzansky Mint of 1781 from December 1763 produces a Siberian coin that had only bought in Siberia. Exceptional phenomenon can be considered copper fees issued under Catherine I following the example of similar calculated signs of Sweden. The last domestic copper coin is the USSR collections of 1928.
Platinum. The Russian Empire applied platinum for the release of current coins. Nominal 3, 6 and 12 rubles were minted under Nicolas I. If products made of gold and silver often died with fires, then the refrease of platinum was a big plus in storing savings. However, after a sharp tripard, the price of metal from platinum coins began to massively refuse in favor of gold, and the chasing stopped. In the USSR and the Russian Federation produced a production of platinum coins for collectors.
Palladium. Revolving Russian coins from palladium does not exist, although the idea of \u200b\u200brelease palladium rubles In 2009, Boris Gryzlov expressed Boris Gryzlov, who then occupied the position of vice-speaker of the State Duma. Collectible palladium coins since 1988 minted the USSR State Bank, but they were intended for the sale of collectors. After the collapse of the USSR, the Bank of Russia continued to be released for some time. The last commemorative coins from Palladium were issued in 1995.
Alloys for the production of coins of modern Russia
And finally, we will analyze the "walking", that is, the usual revolving coins of the 1997 sample. 1 and 5 kopecks, not massively produced after 2014, have a steel base, placed melchior. This is a copper-nickel alloy, which has the content of iron and manganese. Sometimes it is called "white copper". For the first time, domestic coins from Melchior appeared in 1931, when the Soviet Union decided to no longer spend silver for the edition of the walking. Melchiorine plating have a five-inch 1997-2009, whose core consists of copper. Until 2017, Melchiorova was the central insertion of bimetallic tens. Also from Melchior, commemorative coins are minimized by a dignity of 25 rubles.
Brassotherwise called "yellow copper", it was used for the chasing of the ratings of 10 and 50 kopecks until 2006 inclusive. It is an alloy of copper with zinc. Since the end of 2014, on these rates, the brass is used as part of a galvanic coating of a steel base. In the period 1961-1991 It is from brass that minted the lowest groups from 1 to 5 kopecks. Bimetallic coins of the Russian Federation Hang a brass ring until 2017. Later, the ring began to do from steel coated with brass.
Cognots of domestic coin metals must be remembered red brass. This is one of the types of brass, where the copper content varies within 88-97%, and the share of zinc is the tenth of the total mass. Among the advantages of Tompaca is high anti-corrosion. Therefore, they were placed steel blanks for coins 2009-2014 by the dignity of 10 and 50 kopecks.
Aluminum Bronze. This is the type of bronze, where aluminum performs the ligature (from 5% to 11%). Beautiful golden-yellow and enough light coins in 1926 changed heavy copper at the Nominal Nominal from 1 to 5 kopecks. Aluminum bronze was used on the coins of the Russian Federation of 1993. It was from her that coincided 50 rubles. By non-magnetic properties They can be separated from later releases (plaid steel).
Nickel silver. Sometimes instead of the classic naming "New Silver" (from the German word Neusilber), it is called "nickel silver". This is an alloy of copper and nickel silver color. It was he who replaced the Melchior on Soviet coins as a result of the monetary reform of 1961. Copper-nickel coins were minted in the first years of independent RF. The nezilber is indifferent to the magnet, but if nickel added a little more than the technology, the coin sometimes begins to react to strong magnets. It is from the nezilber who produced rates 1 and 2 rubles of the period 1997-2009.
In conclusion, let us come out, it turns out, and Russian money from the skin of the seal. They were walking in Russian Alaska. The issuer was the Russian-American company, which carried out all the complete power in this territory. Seal skin as a workpiece for money XXI century is unlikely to come back. However, on the approach the latest technology. Perhaps, in a few years, the metals will refuse the place with bright composite materials, of which the calculated signs of the PMR have already been manufactured. Even in the era of universal non-cashless, it is always pleasant to hold the most real coins in the hands.
Recent prices for the auctions for coins in Russian rubles
| Photo | Description of the coin | G. | VG. | F. | VF. | XF. | AU. | UNC | Proof. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 
| 10 kopecks 1917 Sun Bitkin: R1. from 683 to 53 384 rubles. | - | 700 | 683 | 3 331 | 6 091 | 5 668 | 7 611 | 53 384 |
 
| 12 rubles 1830 SPb Bitkin: R3; Ilyin: 45 rubles from 1.43 million RUB. | - | - | - | 1.43 million. | 2.08 million | - | 2.40 million | - |
 
| 6 rubles 1830 St. Petersburg Bitkin: R2; Ilyin: 25 rubles from 548,962 to 1.34 million RUB. | - | - | - | 548 962 | 623 198 | 1.34 million | - | 557 565 |
   
| 3 rubles 1830 St. Petersburg Bitkin: R; Ilyin: 10 rubles from 76 609 to 141 243 rubles. | - | - | - | 76 609 | 81 434 | 141 243 | - | - |
 
| Head 1700. Bitkin: R1-R2 from 3 622 to 25 370 rubles. | - | - | 5 400 | 3 622 | 25 370 | - | - | - |
 
| 1 kopeck 1997 m from 15 to 110 rubles. | - | - | 15 | - | 110 | - | 62 | - |
 
| 5 kopecks 1997 m from 102 to 147 rubles. | - | - | - | - | 102 | 147 | 124 | - |
  
| 10 kopecks 1997 m from 47 to 675 rubles. | - | - | - | 47 | - | - | 675 | - |
 
| 50 kopecks 1997 m about 308 rubles. | - | - | - | - | - | - | 308 | - |
 
| 1 ruble 1997 MMD from 5 to 149 rubles. | - | - | - | - | 5 | 10 | 149 | - |
 
| 2 rubles 1997 MMD from 169 to 346 rubles. | - | - | - | 169 | - | - | 346 | - |
 
| 5 rubles 1997 MMD about 900 rubles. | - | - | - | - | - | - | 900 | - |
 
| 10 rubles 2009 MMD from 200 to 378 rubles. | - | - | - | - | 378 | 200 | - | - |
 
| 10 kopecks 1769 km Siberian siberian coin Petrov: 0.75 rubles from 3 070 to 102 059 rub. | - | - | 3 070 | 4 000 | 12 525 | 102 059 | - | - |
 
| 50 rubles 1993 MMD non-magnetic non-magnetic from 6 to 280 rubles. | - | - | - | 6 | 157 | - | 280 | - |
 
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