Card game piece of hardware. Railway (Shmon-de-Fer). Games Iron Man for every taste

Games Iron Man online is the continuation of the original story about Tony Stark, the will of fate, which became an iron man.

I came up with this character in 1963 Stan Lee. It all started with the fact that Tony invented a high-tech weapon, which was the cause of attacks on the laboratory and injured inventor, and after instead of the heart he introduces a battery electromagnet, a terrorist organization takes prisoner. For the preservation of his life, they put forward an ultimatum - create a unique weapon for them. Tony Stark, hitting the laboratory and getting access to the materials, creates iron armor, and the electromagnet in the chest changes the more powerful reactor. The invention helps to escape to improve the armor, making it from the titanium and gold alloy, which is practically unrealistic. From this point on, the life of an iron man begins.

Like all superheroes, Stark does not intend to advertise its new activities. Moreover, he decides on the closure of an enterprise for the sale of weapons, but his father and the main assistant does not like this ruling and they continue their activities that leads to a conflict of interest. Only at the very end of the history of Tony admits that the iron man and he is one person.

In 2008, the Marvel comic was removed and released "IRON MAN" ("Iron Man") - a science fiction action movie, where the main role was given to Robert Dauni. The film took the high position of the rating and in 2010 received a continuation of history in the new series. And since the confrontation of good and evil does not stop for a minute, the iron man of the game became new to their gun.

Games Iron Man for every taste

Each superman always has something to boast in terms of power and our hero is no exception. Its ability includes the ability to develop a huge speed and fly, and it is along with an incredible force and dangerous laser weapons with a self-equipped system. Using fully acquired abilities, the iron man directs them against human enemies, which then lift their heads. Even the numerous army will not stand in front of the great strength and pressure of our superhero. But it is not worth relaxing and losing vigilance, because the enemies are not in idle and also work on a superal weapon and demonstrates cunning. So that your operation is victorious, you need to develop tactics and act logically.

Patroling territory, do not be surprised if the catch signals from the space. Games Iron Man online know how dangerous there may be extraterrestrial invasion, and therefore equipped the main character with a special radar, with which it is easy to catch the beginning of the enemy's approach. Going into high layers of the atmosphere, lead aiming fire on the newcomers and try not to get under their attack. Good guys have no shortage of friends and their support, and therefore marvel comics sometimes allow their characters to unite in the fight against evil. Wolverine, incredible Hulk, Captain America, Spiderman and its other residents are always happy to enter into battle with aggressors, helping the Iron man in his difficult mission. In addition, you can always:

• contact calm toys and pick a hero costume
• fold it in puzzles,
• find on the background of the image extra details,
• coloring black and white images to play paint.

Any task in games is accompanied by a desire for good. In this case, it is with fists and incredibly powerful, but unfortunately, it is not always possible to conclude a truce with the enemy, and you have to resort to extreme measures. Strength understands only power.

Card game "Railway" came to us from France. In the railway, or, as we need to be called abbreviated, iron, can play two, three and so on to infinity, but the clubs are considered the right game in which 12 people participate.

Rules of the game "Railway"

• One card is eight or nine, and the other - fat, i.e. the figure or a dozen;
• 8 or 9 are formed from the sum of the points of both maps: for example, from three and six, ace and seven, five and four, etc.

But it often happens that the nine or eight is simultaneously rendered from both received cards. Such a coincidence is called "En Carte". Both throws cards, and the label continues. If the panther card is bad, i.e. on both together no more than five points, he says: " Buy". After that, the Award gives him another card, the next one of the rack. Having on hand 6 or 7 points, to buy risky, because you can buy a card that will lift. The score of the points is carried out so that dozens are always discarded as fat. So The following unpleasant combination may turn out: Having 6 points on the hands, we buy four, and we have 10 points, i.e. pure fat. Cooking five, we have instead of the same six points just one thing, because of the one formed eleven 10 Loading like fat, etc.

Therefore, having 6 or 7 points should be abandoned from the bite and declare "their own". If there are no finished eight or nine glasses at the ATM, he is obliged to give him a bona, but he himself may not buy. Many players do not buy, having a top five in their hands, but they go to a big risk, because in case of loss, such a player is obliged to pay the rates of all other partners, for whom he, as a senior, led the game.

The ATM, of course, can do at his discretion, as he risks only his bet. To fat, one, two, three and four points it is necessary to buy in any case. Wins the one who has after the bibs, applications " their"Or the opening of the cards will be greater than the points.

If one of the players opened the cards, having 8 or 9 points, the game is considered to be finished and his opponent has no right to bite. With family glasses cards do not open. Maps who visited the hands of the players, throw in a special box. When all the prepared stack is spent, the recorded cards are distributed between all the players and the tested and cutting is repeated. The right of throwing or holding the bank passes from one player to another in turn, to the left neighbor of the Attorney, however, there are exceptions caused by cash calculations.

Rates from side

As already mentioned, the limit number of gland players for one table is installed in 12 people. But (especially in clubs) often happens that those who want to play more than twelve, and at the same time too little to fill the second table. Finally, many do not go to the table where they have to pay for the cards and, moreover, they must keep the next bank. Such players make bets from.

Sitting players are not particularly ditched, since among these extraneous elements often there are dubious elements, close to the Shulers and quite deserving "Arapov", but they are launched with them, as with almost inevitable evil, as if legalized club customs. From the side, the rate is allowed only with the consent of the players, between which money is put on the table, and the advantage, of course they have seated. A third-party player can, by agreement with the ATM, invest money in the bank.

Betting From the part, in all respects obey the general rules of the piece of hardware, but the third-party players themselves are deprived of any right of active interference in the game. If any of them even put in Pont of the largest amount, the game is still not he, but who has put the greatest amount from among the full-fledged players sitting at the table.

A third-party player can neither throw, nor buy a bank, but he is given the right to tag from the bank from the bank proportional to his participation in it.

For example, if the bank has begun from 10 rubles, of which 3 were given from the part, and the ATM beat 3 cards, then 80 rubles are in the bank. The Banset wants to throw for the fourth time. Then the player from the side, not wanting to risk further, requires his share and receives 80 * 0.3 \u003d 24 rubles, and the ATC continues the game already for his own account with 56 rubles, or reports from a 24 rubles from their pocket.

However, the latter rarely happens, since there is a superstitious sign, which should not be given money from the table, i.e. not from the bank, to the side. Each player, without excluding the Attachment, can stand out from behind the table at any time.

In September of this year, Russian Railways will celebrate the 15th anniversary. Here are already three five-year hundreds of the state corporation conducts structural reform, trying to adapt to the realities of the market economy.

Among the priority tasks are the separation of rail transportation from infrastructure services, the formation of a competitive environment. Since 2008, Russian Railways is transformed into a vertically oriented holding. Balance value of the company Its current leader Oleg Belozerov as a couple of years ago, assessed from 2 trillion to 4.5 trillion rubles.

RZD problem - giant sizes and geography of presence. Today on the balance sheet of a natural monopoly - 85.2 thousand km of railways, thousands of stations and stations, depot and dispatching points. Half of steel highways - 43 thousand km - electrified. According to this indicator, Russia ranks first in the world. Railways has a park from 20 thousand locomotives and 230 thousand cargo and passenger cars. The company accounts for almost half the volume of freight transportation and 26% of passengers.

The company is the largest employer. Currently, there are 751 thousand employees. Note that at the start of the reforms there were almost 2 times more. Optimization will continue - by 2025 in Russian Railways, according to plan, 709 thousand people will remain. Management promises to make this process "natural" and help leaving employment in new places. The reduction in the full-time number is decided to compensate for the increase in productivity - 1.5 times in 8 years. At the same time, the average salary in the state-owned company should be 80 thousand rubles.

Sepure and morning

Experts ambiguously evaluate the results of a 15-year RZD reform. At the Institute of Natural Monopolies (IPEM), in particular, it is noted that in recent years, automotive and pipeline transport has strengthened its position in competition for rail transport. As a result of Russian Railways loses high-yield cargoes, compensating for the "shortage" mainly due to low-income traffic. In particular, oil loading on the network of Russian Railways decreased by more than 2 times: from 55 million tons in 2010 to 22 million tons in 2017. This year, market participants predict a reduction in oil cargo loading on the railroad by another 2.3%.

In the risk zone and other high-time cargo - petroleum products. Gasoline, diesel fuel, fuel oil also gradually "go" into pipelines. According to IPEM estimates, in the coming years, due to the commissioning of new pipelines, as well as the republication of existing oil pipelines for petroleum products, railway transport will lose 3.6 million tons of cargo, respectively, Railways is missing about 3.6 billion rubles annual income.

Railway workers can not keep mass cargoes such as cement. Here is the disappointing for Russian Railways - the production of cement in Russia in the period from 2010 to 2017 increased by 5 million tons, and the loading on the railway decreased by 6.6 million tons. Non-line influence, considered in IPEM, the structure of the price of the formation of prices on different types of transport is provided. Competitor services, such as automotive companies, are not subject to state regulation or regulated in part.

On the railway transport, the costs for the shipper are consisted of prices and tariffs for many participants in the transportation process, the main of which are Russian Railways and operators providing cargo wagons. If the cost of state-owned services is governed by the government, then for operators there are market pricing. Result - Railways services in the total cost of shippers account for about 50%.

At the end of 2017, the Government approved the introduction of a long-term tariff system for the period 2019-2025. This will allow Russian Railways to plan its activities for the long term, including investment programs and contracts, which should become a competitive advantage of steel highways compared with alternative modes of transport. In general, in 2018, the economy conjuncture should be on the arm of railway transport. In Ipem, it is predicted that the driver's growth driver will not only be the coal, as it was in 2017, but also ferrous metals, forest, grain, mineral and chemical fertilizers.

The passenger went to the exit

In April of this year, the Government submitted a draft law "On the organization of regular passenger rail transportation and amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation" to the State Duma. The document provides for the reform of the passenger transport segment, which is experiencing not the best times. The reasons for the crisis are aging infrastructure and rolling stock, as well as the cost of tickets, which is a direct consequence of the lack of competition in the market.

The decline in the number of passengers was first recorded in 2014. Then, 103.1 million people took advantage of long-distance trains - 7 million less than a year earlier. In 2015, the situation has deteriorated even more: the loyalty of Russian Railways retained only 97.9 million passengers. The state corporation represented by his "daughter" of the federal passenger company (FPK) has tried to take revenge, but not very succeeded in this matter. In 2016, the figure amounted to 101.4 million people, and in 2017 - 102.3 million (growth of less than 1%).

Facts indicate that Russian Railways is inferior to the passenger transport market by airlines. In 2016, 88.5 million Russians took advantage of the aircraft, in 2017 - already 105 million. Analytical credit rating agency (acre) in March published a forecast, according to which in 2018 predicts the growth of air transportation in Russia by another 5.5%. Russian airlines will transport 110.8 million people, and taking into account the contribution of foreign airlines the result may amount to 130.9 million people. The reason for changing the preferences of passengers is high prices for railway tickets. The scandal, which turned out to be a drawn company Railways in November last year, is a visual confirmation. The Federal Antimonopoly Service (FAS) published on a departmental site an analysis of the cost of air and rail tickets in a second-class and jewery wagons in one destinations per date.

It turned out that in some cases the prices of second-hand tickets (subsidized by the state) were more expensive than jewel and plane. For example, on October 30, 2017, from Moscow to Ekaterinburg, on the aircraft of the company-LouroSter "Victory", it was possible to fly in 2 hours 20 minutes for 2499 rubles, however, without baggage. A ticket to the jigger carriage of the branded train "Tomich" was worth 4,457 rubles for this date, in a second-class - 4767.3 rubles. Time on the way - 26 hours 32 minutes.

The government expects that with the adoption of a new law in the passenger traffic segment on the railway, it will be possible to create a competitive environment. In logic, the struggle for the client, which, as is known, is always right, should lead to a decrease in ticket prices. The question is whether the growth of market relations will be able to survive in an unfavorable natural-monopoly environment for them.

On the tundra, by rail

In May 2018, the construction of the bridge was started through the Ob between the cities of Salekhard and Labytnangi. This is a key element of the future railway road - the northern latitudinal stroke (SSH). The highway with a length of 707 km will be built in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District (YNAO). It will connect the region with the Urals, the Northwest and the center of Russia. In fact, SSh is a return to the Stalinist project of the "transpolar highway", which was supposed to stretch from the Barents Sea to Chukotka. There were only small areas of the railway, which were abandoned and are now unsuitable for operation.

The idea returned in 2003, but before practical implementation, it came only now. SSH is included in the transport strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030. Companies developing oil and gas fields in Western Siberia (NOVATEK and Gazprom) confirmed interest in the direction of cargo traffic along the northern latitudes.

The head of the Complex Research Department IPEM Sergey Olenin believes that the construction of this highway will unload part of the existing Russian Railways infrastructure operating at the limit of throughput and translucent abilities, as well as to ensure the development of territories, including the development of new hydrocarbon fields.

However, SSh is only a small part of the state-owned liabilities on the construction of highways. The railway transport development strategy in the Russian Federation provided that at least 16 thousand km of new paths should be commissioned by 2030. The task is relevant, given that the density of railways in Russia is 5 km per 1 thousand square meters. km, in Canada, this figure is higher by a third, and in the USA - 5.5 times higher.

However, this item of the sectoral strategy did not lead to action. Here is the result - in 2012, Russian Railways reported on the completion of the construction of 104 km of ways, in 2013 - about 67.8 km. Against this background, after the past year, the 150 km of the railway section of the railway bypassing Ukraine looks like a real record over the past decade. For comparison: in the exhausted world war of Russia in 1917, almost 2.5 thousand km of new ways were built, during the Civil War - from 1918 to 1920 - 1.3 thousand km.

Need for Speed

The Russian Railways are ready to bet on the creation of high-speed highways (SMM). Russia on the global railway transport market in this area is not presented at all. Meanwhile, the delivery of goods on railway highways at a speed of up to 300 km per hour - a new business segment, a kind of global trend. It is not by chance that many countries of the European Union, China, the United States actively implement the projects of the SDM, in the back they breathe Morocco and Saudi Arabia.

In the current transport strategy of Russia, 5 projects of the SMM are currently included. The most worked is the high-speed highway Moscow - Vladimir - Nizhny Novgorod - Kazan, which the head of Russian Railways Oleg Belozerov considers as an integral part of the high-speed transport corridor Moscow - Beijing. The Russian-Chinese consortium completes the design of the highway, and construction can begin in 2019.

According to him, it is worth "not only to connect 2 capitals with an infrastructure of a qualitatively different level, but also to tie together the two largest high-speed systems - the cargo" Euro Carex "and the BCH of China." As a result, the delivery time on this route will be reduced to 3-5 days. Construction, as Promises Belozers, will begin in 2019. The need for investments is estimated at 7 trillion rubles, but experts do not exclude that costs can significantly exceed the declared amount. Such a property of a monopoly.

An order of magnitude less investment implies a draft connection of the Transcoreian Railway and Transsib - only $ 3-4 billion. It may be implemented for 3-5 years, unless, of course, once again not break the policy plans. At the end of June, it became known that Russian Railways and Korail are ready to explore the conditions for organizing transportation to Europe on this route with the participation of the DPRK. The Memorandum was signed as part of the visit of the President of South Korea Moon Zhe in Moscow. Seoul plans to deliver goods to Europe through Russia, which now go a steady sea. For Russian Railways, which loses loads and passengers in the domestic transport market, is definitely a chance to improve their financial and economic indicators.

Bargaining neuznessin

One of the most problematic activities of Russian Railways is the organization of procurement for the needs of a natural monopoly. "Vedomosti" found out that in 2017 78 large suppliers received from the state-owned company and its "daughters" "RDDSTROY" contracts a total of 185 billion rubles.

Railways leads among state-owned companies in the number of procurement complaints, write "Vedomosti" with reference to the words of the Deputy Head of the Federal Antimonopoly Service (FAS) of the Rachika Petrosyan. In particular, in 2016, complaints with the representatives considered by the Office 298 were recognized as reasonable. For its part, the auditors of the Accounts Chamber, which checked the use of the funds of the National Welfare Fund to modernize Bamu and Transsib, came to the conclusion that the provision for the purchase of goods allows the state corporation without competitive procedures to increase 30% of the work and price of contracts, arbitrarily change suppliers and place orders At the only supplier. For the most part of open auctions, according to the Accounts Chamber, in 2016, a decrease in the initial maximum price was only 0.5%, in rare cases - 1%. The winner becomes a bidder that made one move at the auction.

In Russian Railways in procurement, the only supplier does not see anything bad, and even more so violation of antitrust laws. Allegedly such solutions are forced to be accepted when performing work at the objects of the federal significance, when the deadlines are compressed, as well as when a new contract becomes a logical continuation of the previous one. This, assure in state-owned company, is made exclusively for ensuring succession.

Under the game there is a description, instructions and rules, as well as thematic links to similar materials - we recommend reading.

How to Play - Rules and Description

This online game resembles a series about the construction of a pipeline in Pipeman plumber style. If, in the case of the funny plumbing, it was necessary to carry a pipeline from the crane to the consumer, then here we are asked to build a railway from one station to another. On the left panel there are blocks that need to be dragged on the playing field in the construction area. Of course, the piece of iron needs to be laid in such a way that the rails of all blocks are correctly connected to each other. Unfortunately, the ability to rotate the blocks is missing, so if you do not have the right blocks on the panel, then take any and put it in a suitable place. When you take a block from the panel, a new block appears on the spot. It is a little bit like a tetris or puzzle.

If an obstacle comes across on the path of your railway under the railway, it can be a lake, stones or another, not suitable in this place block rails, then you can remove it by laying mine. Min in one session is not so much - only three, so you should not spend them in vain.

Time until the train starts quite a bit, so you have to think and act very quickly, without wires!

Can download game piece of hardware On your computer, it does not take a lot of space, but think about whether it makes sense to do, because it is always available here, you just just open this page.

Make a break and play in online Gameswhich develop logic and imagination, allow you to relax pleasantly. Relax and distracted from affairs!

Dmitry Stanislavovich Lesnaya

Founder of the Russian League of Intellectual Games (1997). President (1997-2009) and Chairman of the Board of Trustees (2009 - to the present). Publisher and editor-in-chief of Casino Games magazine. The author of the books Encyclopedia "Gambling House", "Russian Preferenta" and a series of books on casino games (in collaboration with Lv's Natanson). The author of the Maryazh program (www.marriage.ru). The creator of the first on the Internet club of lovers of preference Mariazh (www.pref.ru).

Lev Grigorievich Natanson

Mathematician, writer and journalist, author of a series of books on mathematics of casino games and slot machines (in collaboration with Dmitry Forest). Developer of the algorithms of the computer program MARYAZH. Editor of the book "Russian Preferent" by section "School of Games".

We considered an exclusively mathematical aspect of the game, and all the others, like that: mystical, psychological, astrological, sacral - ignored. Assuming that the outcome of any game depends not only on the ratio of probabilities, but also from the spiritual (and physical) state of the player, the location of the stars and many other factors, we would like to warn the player from the blind investment of anyone to recommendations. Of course, we cannot give any guarantees of winning, and, especially since we do not accept any material claims about possible losses. We just took care of it to accurately count, under what circumstances, this or that decision on the game gives the best chances of winning from the point of view of the theory of probability, and we hope that our study will turn out to be disconnected for you.

Aristocratic origin

Punto Banco. - The Spanish name of one of the most vintage European gambling, also known as Baccarat, Scheme de Fer or piece of iron, and besides - Macau and nine. Today, this is a very popular game in the casino of the whole world, noteworthy the fact that the biggest money is played in it. Due to its aristocratic origin, the game has retained its special ritual, primacy and manneriness, which so impress these players.

"And you are Azarten, Paramosh!" - says General Charnta Rich Korzukhin in the film "Running" on the eponymous play M. A. Bulgakov (Mikhail Ulyanov - Evgenia Evstigneev). Having arrived in Paris to the banker-compatriot in crops of lemon and in the Circassian without a silver belt and without a dagger, the general put the Khludl medallion for $ 10 and won by the morning of 20,000 dollars. They played in Punto Banco, calling this game nine.

James Bond, the Secret Agent of the British Service MI-5, who has a murder license, preferred Bakkara to all card games. In this game, requiring cold-blooded and excerpt, he instantly received a psychological advantage over his opponents for victory.

Until recently, the Schmen game is very popular in Russia - a fast gambling on cash bills. "Charge in the gland" after the change was the favorite entertainment of waiters and taxi drivers. This simple and many familiar game is an almost accurate copy of Bakcara's card game or Punto Banco.

Rules of the game

Props

In the casino "Cosmos" there are two types of tables for playing Punto Banco - big and small. Tables have a special markup. In the game on a small table, 6 decks of cards of 52 sheets from two to the ace, which form a "big deck" of 312 cards. The big table uses 8 decks - 416 cards. A large table is usually served by 3 dealers: one gives a winning and exchanges chips, another hanging cards and collects lost chips from the table, the third moves the cards of the table with a special blades called Palette. The third dealer has a special name - "Caller", because It is he who loudly announces a combination of cards and calls the winner.

The game begins with the fact that one of the dealers is hanging cards, gives the player to remove (trim) with the help of a special plastic separator - Cutting Card, which after trimming is used to separate a few big deck cards so that it does not flick to the end - when you can accurately calculate the remaining maps or avoid that cards do not have enough to do with the delivery. The reassembly decks are stacked in Sabo - a special box, a block for distribution of cards. Recharged cards during the game are reset into a special cylinder, located in the center of the table.

With the further description of the game procedure and the markup of the game field, the authors mean the large table for Punto Banco. On a small table there are the same rules, only slightly simplified.

Dignity of cards

Aces are estimated at 1 point, kings, ladies, currencies and tens - in 0 points, the rest of the cards - in accordance with their rank (for example, the eight - 8 points, two - 2 points). Master cards do not have any meaning.

Combinations of cards

The amount of glasses on several cards is calculated, as mathematics say, in module 10. In other words, only the last figure of the amount is taken into the calculation, and dozens are discarded: for example, cards 9-8 give 7 points, T-6-3 - 0 points. The maximum possible amount is 9 points. Minimum - 0.

Number of players

There are several players at the table: for small - up to 7, for large - up to 16. The new player can take any free position at the table. The place occupied at the table does not at the game exactly no effect, if, of course, do not take into account the fortune, which, as you know, can nest and in chairs.

Each place at the table corresponds to a certain boxing (defined zone) on the table of the table with a number from 1 to 16. If the player sat down, for example, to position 7, it makes bets on the box number 7 so that the dealer is easier to identify the player and the bet they made them When issuing a win.

No matter how many players sit at the table, there are only two opposing parties in each surrender. One is called Punto (Pontor, Player), the other - Banco (Pancake, Bank). Cards distribute only two hands - on Punto and on Banco. Wins the party that has received the greatest amount of points.

Rates and payments at rates

Despite all its manners and seeming difficulty, the game is extremely simple. Each player can bet either on what will win the Banco (Bank), or to win Punto (Pontiver), or on what will be draw (egalite) - i.e. That Punto and Banco glasses will be equal.

Range rates - minimum and maximum - specified on each table on a special tablet. Usually on Punto and Banco are accepted rates from $ 50 to $ 2000, on Egalite - from $ 20 to $ 200.

Punto rate is paid one to one. The Banco rate is also paid one to one, but from this rate, the institution keeps 5 percent in its favor. The EGALITE rate is paid in the ratio of 8: 1. It is understandable - the equality of points does not happen often.

If you wish, all three possibilities can be arbitrarily combined, i.e. Play, for example, on Banco, and on Egalite.

If the player wants to make a bet on Banco, it should put a chip or chips inside the boxing designated on the playing field with the same number as the player's place. Sitting on site 7 puts in boxing number 7. If the player wants to bet on Punto, he puts the chips opposite the box under her room. The rate on the equality of the glasses is put on a special marked field with an eGalite inscription - naturally, on the sector with the corresponding number.

Stroke Game

When the rates are made, both sides (Punto and Banco) are first obtained by two cards, and then one new card can be added to any of these pairs. Thus, 4, 5 or 6 cards are involved in the distribution. The party has the greatest amount of glasses.

In case of equality of points, players won the players who have put on Egalite, but the remaining players do not lose their bets.

In the case when Punto wins, the dealer takes all bets made on Banco and on Egalite, and pays rates made on Punto, in a 1: 1 ratio.

In the case when Banco wins, the dealer takes all bets made on Punto and on Egalite, and pays rates made on Banco, in a 95: 100 ratio.

Delivery of maps

In this game, the players themselves distribute cards from Sabo. Each player in turn receives Sabo, which moves in a circle clockwise from passing for delivery. The privilege to take first has a player sitting on the left of the dealer. The rating player is obliged to bet on Banco. If he wants to put on Punto or on Egalite, the surrender passes to the next. If none of the players put on Banco, gives a dealer. If the player who made a bet on Banco and giving out, loses, the surrender passes to the next. In case of winning the Bunda, the right of delivery remains from him. Any player has the right to refuse to pass.

In the fact of delivery there is no benefit. This is no more than the formality, tribute tradition, the commitment of which informs the game famous charm and attractiveness.

Having received Sabo from the dealer, the player begins to take cards. Having distributes two Punto and Banco cards. The passing starts with Punto, the maps are alternately and one. Maps are restored.

Palette - Special blade

The dealer carries the Punto Punto to the player to the player who bet on Punto. He personally opens them and puts on the table. The bank office in turn opens Banco maps. The dealer again with a blade takes the Punto and Banco card and puts them near themselves - Punto cards to the right of themselves, and the Banco card on the left. Decuting them so that they are visible to the whole table, he loudly declares the glasses of fallen combinations.

Then he calls the winner, or ascertaining a draw, or asks to distribute another map, if the immutable rules of the game require. After the winner is declared, the other two dealers gather loser bets and pay the won the winners.

Rent a third card

Will the winner declared immediately after the delivery of two cards or have to open the third card - depends on the amount of Punto glasses.

If two source cards give 8 or 9 points, these glasses are called natural or double. This term applies to Punto, and to Banco (and cards that give the zero amount, it is customary to call Bakkara). If Punto has natural 8 or 9 points, the game immediately ends: the dealer (or giving the player) opens the BANCO cards. Punto and Banco glasses are compared, after that the payback occurs. It does not affect the amount of payment, the winnings are received at the expense of natural glasses or otherwise.

It should be noted that the "algorithm" pretty bulky and remember it from the first time is not easy. In order to simplify perception, you can use Table 1, where the rules of the game are presented using the scheme. The first case reflected in the table (with Punto - 8, 9), we have already considered.

If the pair of Punto source cards gives 6 or 7 points, BANCO cards open and further actions depend on the amount of its points. If it is less than 6, Banco gets another card. After that, the total amount of Banco glasses (on three cards) is compared with Punto (6 or 7) glasses. Otherwise (if Banco from 6 to 9 points) comparison occurs immediately. In particular, having natural 8 or 9 points, Banco wins (the same is the same and in all other cases that are dealing below). After comparison, as always, the payback occurs, and the new delivery begins.

Suppose now that Punto has no more than 4 points. Banco cards open, and with 8 or 9 Natural points Banco immediately wins. If this is not the case, Punto gets the third card. Further events are developing depending on the amount of Banco glasses.

1. Banco from 0 to 2 points. Banco receives the third card, and the game is completed (comparing outcomes and payroll).

2. Banco 3 points. If the third Punto card is excellent from the eight, then Banco gets another card and the game is completed. If the Punto is an eight, the game ends immediately.

3. Banco 4 points. If the third Punto card is from two to seven, then Banco gets an additional card and the game is completed. In all other cases, the game ends immediately.

4. Banco 5 points. If the third Punto card is from the fourth to the seven, the Banco gets another card and the game is completed. In other cases, the game ends immediately.

5. Banco 6 points. If the third Punto map is six or seven, then Banco gets an additional card and the game is completed. In other cases, the game ends immediately.

6. Banco 7 points. The game is completed.

It remains to consider another option: Punto source cards give 5 points. This is the only case when Banco cards are still closed, and the players are given a choice - to get the third card for Punto (Draw) or stop (Stand). The decision takes the player who made the largest bet on Punto. If there are several such players, they come to a particular agreed solution. And finally, if the players on Punto did not turn out, Punto is forcibly obtained by an additional card.

When the choice is made, Banco cards open. Having 8 or 9 natural glasses, Banco, as usual, wins. In other cases, the course of the game depends on whether the Punto has a third card. If yes, the game goes in accordance with paragraphs 1-6, which were discussed above. If Punto plays on source cards (5 points), then with 6 or 7 points Banco immediately wins. Having from 0 to 5 points, Banco gets an additional map, Punto and Banco glasses are compared, and the game is completed.

Here are all the basic rules of Punto Banco.

We add that the entrance to the game is possible before starting any distribution. At the end of delivery, the cards used are deposited to the side, and the remaining cards are not mixed. Therefore, you can try to memorize which cards came out of the game, and which remained.

After stirring, the seed deck is done again, the cards are placed in Sabo, and the "burning" ritual begins: before starting the game, the dealer takes out the top card from Sabo. Her dignity will mean how many subsequent cards should be burned, i.e. Remove from the game. Such a precautionary measure is taken to prevent possible abuses, like that: Singing cards, eat under the desired card, etc.

Punto Banco Strategy and Mathematics

In addition to intuition and luck, in Punto Banco player need some knowledge and skill. And although the game proceeds mainly at the rolled scheme that almost does not require the intervention of the player, two questions that require one or another solution inevitably rise:

1. What is better to put on Punto, on Banco or Egalite?

2. What should I do if after bet on Punto the amount of points turned out to be 5? What is better to take a map or stop?

The question "What to put?" - Primary importance, the success or failure of players depend on the right solution. The second question seems to be "academic", but as we will see soon, plays a no less role than the previous one.

Below are some results obtained when analyzing Punto Banco in Casino "Cosmos" using special computer programs.

We will specify that our conclusions obtained are based on the smallest nuances of the rules of the game taken in the Casino "Cosmos". Therefore, the strategy recommendations published below may not be applicable when playing in a casino.

We also want to make a special reservation: we considered an exclusively mathematical aspect of the game, and all the others, like that: mystical, psychological, astrological, sacral - ignored. Assuming that the outcome of any game depends not only on the ratio of probability, but also from the state of the player, the location of the stars and many other factors, we would like to warn the player from the blind following our recommendations. Of course, we cannot give any guarantees of winning, and, especially since we do not accept any material claims about possible losses. We just took care of it to accurately count, under what circumstances, this or that decision on the game gives the best chances of winning from the point of view of the theory of probability, and we hope that our study will turn out to be disconnected for you.

When cards are distributed evenly

After the tastovka "big deck" one can expect that cards of different rank will appear from the Sabo with the same frequency. Indeed, at this point in the deck the same number of fourths, nine or kings, therefore the probability of the appearance of a certain rank card is 1/13.

If the cards really come out of Sabo evenly, these probabilities remain almost unchanged, and such a steady picture can be saved until the Cutting Card appears.

This, of course, happens not always. Those or other "bias" are more common than what is customary to think. This we will deal with a little later, and now let's see what happens in the "basic" case - with a uniform distribution of cards.

At the beginning of the game, both PUNTO cards open. The card, giving 0 points, is more common of others - the probability of its appearance from Sabo is 4/13. Therefore, it can be assumed that the most likely amount of points on two maps is zero. This is true: the probability of zero amount is 25/169, any other (from 1 to 9) - 16/169. Seeing Punto glasses, each player can estimate the likelihood with which he will succeed. These probabilities are shown in Table 2, obtained using a computer; As for the "fatal" amount equal to 5, both options are considered in the table - DRAW (Punto receives a map) and Stand (Punto stops).

However, having seen the Punto card, nothing can be changed: the rates are already made. Probability of success are of interest earlier - when you think about what to put. Relying on Table 2 and the likelihood of one or another Punto glasses, calculate the chances of success is not difficult:

Punto - 0,4461 (Draw) or 0.4463 (STAND);

Banco. - 0,4584 (Draw) or 0.4615 (Stand);

Egalite - 0.0954 (Draw) or 0.0922 (Stand).

But it is not too significant. After all, the payroll with the winning players is carried out in different ratios: those who put on Banco receive only 95% of their rates, but we successfully played on Egalite to pay an 8-fold rate. And in general, we are not interested in probabilities, but money. There is nothing easier - in the case of DRAW, we have:

Punto - 1,23%

Banco. - 1,06%

Egalite - 14,12%

Before us, the expected losses of the players - as a percentage of the bet. For example, a player who puts $ 100 on Punto, in each passing loses an average of $ 1.23. The expected result of the players - the loss, the winning strategy was not found, and there is nothing surprising in this - otherwise the casino would have broken. For comparison: Roulette playing on average loses 1/37 of its bet, i.e. 2.7%. Therefore, those who put on Punto or Banco are in a more profitable situation.

So, with a uniform distribution of cards, two outputs are asked:

1. The game on Egalite is extremely risky, and mathematics gives the appropriate warning. Subsequently, we will see that the situation changes slightly on the "oblivious" distributions. Intuition, clairvoyance, inspiration is stronger than a model on which mathematics is based on, but the dry representative of the "Queens of Science" on Egalite will not put.

2. To put on Banco is preferable than on Punto. With distributions close to uniform, this is true, but when analyzing "distortions" probabilities, the conclusion is often opposite.

But, perhaps, we hurried - after all, there was still a case of Stand? Let's see which losses are awaiting players here:

Punto - 1,51%;

Banco. - 0,79%;

Egalite - 17,01%.

Recall that the choice between Draw and Stand makes a player who put on Punto. Therefore, the solution is obvious. If it is not a shortfilant philanthrop, with 5 glasses on the Punto source cards, you need a new card. The error costs quite expensive: the difference between Punto-Draw and Punto-Stand is much more than between Punto and Banco in case of the correct DRAW solution. And if there are no players on Punto, then the rules are arranged in favor of the casino: the dealer opens the third card for Punto, and the chances of those who put on Banco worsen.

As for irregular distributions, the rule "Draw is better than Stand" is not universally, but exceptions are quite rare. If the Punto rate gives higher chances (with certain distributions of cards), then the DRAW strategy is more efficient. With one of the possible exceptions, we will get acquainted in the next section.

"Dockey" probabilities

In real game, the distribution of cards from uniform, and if desired, it is possible to extract certain benefits from this. But to achieve this, it is necessary to closely monitor the played cards and mentally adjust the likelihood of the emergence of new cards from Sabo. In other words, to enhance your own chances it is necessary to become a "counter".

Imagine that 260 "big" 416-card deck cards have been played. In the original deck - 32 cards of each rank, therefore, if they appeared from Sabo evenly, then 20 sisters, eight or ladies, were already out of the game. And among the remaining 156 cards there should be 12 cards of a certain rank (of which 48 cards rated in 0 points). But for example, you noticed that there was a "skew" with seven: they were not 20, but for example, only 6 were left in Sabo, therefore the probability of seven is 6/156, i.e. Approximately 0.038. This is noticeably different from the "basic" probability of the fraction of the seven with a uniform distribution (1/13 - approximately 0.077). If we assume that the rest of the cards lie in Sabo more or less regularly, the expected players losses will look like this:

Punto - 1.07% (with the right choice of DRAW);

Banco. - 1,22%;

Egalite - 15,56%.

Compared to the "Basic Case" Punto and Banco, as it were, be changed in places - the Punto rate turns out to be preferable. This is one of those additional chances that the "Counter" uses: timely switching from Banco on Punto and on the contrary leads to improved results.

We will not stop on the methods of calculating the marked maps, but we formulate the general principle underlying the "Counter" strategy.

If there is a relatively a lot of top five, six, seven-year, eight of or nine, then it's on the hand of Banco. These cards can be called successful for Banco and unsuccessful for Punto. Conversely, the excess of the other cards is beneficial Punto and lowers the chances of Banco. This can be formulated differently: the more successful cards for Banco came out of the game, the better for Punto (and vice versa).

We give a couple of examples.

1. Suppose the calculation of the released cards shows that the probabilities of the appearance of the heel and the six (unsuccessful for Punto) are relatively small - 0.05. The remaining cards are distributed approximately evenly.

Punto - 0.97% (with the right choice of DRAW);

Banco. - 1,32%;

Egalite - 15,77%.

2. The same as before, but unsuccessful for Punto, the tops and the seventers fall out with an increased probability - 0.11.

Punto - 1.53% (with the right choice of STAND);

Banco. - 0,78%;

Egalite - 15,16%.

In this case, the optimal choice for Punto will stand Stand. But this example is not indicative: Is it worth thinking about the strategy playing Punto, if you need to put on the opposite direction?

Another illustration of the relationship between the chances of Punto and Banco can be found in tables 3 and 4 on page &. Table 3 shows the expected players' losses at various probabilities of the fourth appearance - a successful card for Punto. It is assumed that the remaining maps are distributed evenly, and the choice of Draw and Stand features is optimal for Punto. Table 4 shows the expected results of the players, depending on the probability of the leaping of the top five, is successful for BANCO.

With the choice of Draw-Stand strategy, one interesting problem is connected. If this choice was not and was always taken by Draw's decision (which actually happens when there are no playing on Punto), then the general principle presented did not exceed any exceptions. The tops, six, seven, eights and nines would always be successful for Banco and unsuccessful for Punto. But with the advent of choice in some exotic cases, the picture changes.

Imagine that successful cards for Banco remains too much. It turns out that in this "black" situation playing on Punto can reverse fate by choosing a Stand strategy. To concreteness, we will return to examples with tops and seisters and suppose they appear with a probability of 0.2. In life, this happens extremely rarely, "skew" is too large (recall: "basic" probability is about 0.077). Nevertheless, at the expense of the selection of Stand in time, the game consists in favor of Punto:

Punto - 1,02%;

Banco. - 1,25%;

Egalite - 9,38%.

With the wrong choice of Draw, the result would be for Punto depressing:

Punto - 2,14%;

Banco. - 0,15%;

Egalite - 4,96%.

Perhaps may arise: after all, the right to choose is provided only on the condition that the Punto source cards give 5 points, and this happens at all. Where is the difference in the expected losses? The fact is that when "overwhelmed" probabilities, the effect of the choice of Draw-Stand is so large that the wrong solution leads to the collapse of even average indicators.

In general, we can say that with a competent account of the card, the results of the player, of course, are rising. Dividends - albeit small - there is no one, and they can be judged by the examples above. Although learn to effectively switch from Banco on Punto (or vice versa) - a whole art that requires considerable time. The chances of the "counter" increase as the "big deck" exhausted, but the exact calculation is impossible due to the presence of unknown cards: some are excluded from the game using Cutting Card, others are "burned" before the game.

Gaming systems

As you know, all people are different, and even more so players. Some are just relying on luck, others carefully study astrological forecasts, the third scrupulously calculate the cards released from the game, and some are trying to drop the favor of fortune, using certain gaming systems.

Martingale

About the systems of the game began to think for a long time - probably since gambling appeared. There was time, the systems were constantly modified, both new ones were developed at the same time. For example, gaming systems based on the principle of consistent doubling rate acquired greater fame. Sometimes such systems are called "Martingale". Imagine that you are playing an eye and put on the eagle all the time. You put $ 1, but the rush fell out. Now you double bet - $ 2. If you lose, the rate rises to $ 4 and further grows in geometric progression. When, finally, the eagle falls out, you take off Kush: You can make sure that regardless of the number of previous failures, you won exactly $ 1. Now you put on the eagle again (and if you like, on the decision), and the game starts first.

Obviously, possessing sufficient capital, in each test series you will win $ 1. But capital should be really big. After all, if a long-term failure strip starts, the bets will have to double all the time, and the budget may not withstand the game on the system. There is even a saying about such a situation: "The suit went, and there is nothing to put!".

It's funny that the word "Martingale" has entire four different meanings (they often say "Martingal", but the disorder lies on the conscience of translators who appealing with the English word Martingale is voluntarily). In the original sense, this is part of the harness, interfere with a frightened horse throw a head back. The stuck coat or sinels also called. The same playing systems also pinned "restraining" functions: they had to save a confused player from the collapse. Finally, at the beginning of the twentieth century. The famous mathematician Paul Levi, who studied gambling paradoxes, introduced the strict and complex term "Martingal" into the theory of probability.

"Martingale", so famously used in the Orlyan, it will suggest to transfer the game to the casino. Playing a roulette, you can put on red or on black, when playing Punto Banco - on Punto or on Banco, and in case of loss - all the time doubling the bet. The difference from Orlyanka is very small: when throwing a coin, the chances of winning and losing the same, and in the casino the rules are arranged so that some small part of your bet goes in favor of the institution. For example, there are zero in roulette, and the expected player's loss is 1/37 of the raised bet - approximately 2.7%. In Punto Banco, on which of the parties you set, the average loss usually ranges from 1 to 1.3%.

If a player has a significant initial capital, then the "Martingale" can cause casino tremendous damage. That is why in any casino of the world on each table, be it baccarat, blackjack or roulette, you will see the signs on which the size of the minimum and maximum bet are indicated. The difference between them can be 10, 30 and even 100 times. But nowhere will you allow you to raise a bet in unlimited.

Given this casino restriction, players began to develop systems by building a strategy for changing the rate inside a relatively small range. A typical example is a system that is the name of his author - Thomas Donald.

System Thomas Donald.

The main position of the system sounds very simple. Make some kind of initial rate (suppose $ 100) to one of the parties. After losing, each time we increase the bet on $ 100, and when you win, on the contrary, we reduce until it drops to the initial one.

Suppose we put on Banco, but won Punto. Raise a bet to $ 200. If the victory is again for Punto, bring it to $ 300, with equality of glasses (egalite), we leave the bet unchangeable. In the case of our winnings, we lower it to $ 100, and if we won again, I do not change the bet yet. Compared to the "Martingale", arithmetic came to the change of geometric progression.

Thomas Donald, who developed this system for roulette, meant the game on the red-black or other "equal chances." At the same time, it was based on the assumption that on a certain period of time (day, month, year), the number of red and black fees will be approximately the same. And indeed, if this happens, and by the time the player does not end with money, he usually will be in winning.

Let's see what this system gives applied to Punto Banco.

We put on Punto and play two surrenders. Since the chances of the sides are approximately equal, suppose that in the first hand he won Punto, in the second - Banco. In both cases, we set $ 100, so they remained at their own.

And now, on the contrary: In the first hand, Banco wins, and then - Punto. First we will lose $ 100, but in accordance with the system, the rate now increases to $ 200. As a result, the victory is plus $ 100. For a start, it seems not bad, but it turns out, not the limit.

Like "Martingale", the System of Thomas Donald has many modifications. One of them is the Donald-Nanson system - especially curious and is based on the use of "zero" and "negative" rates. Suppose we set $ 100 at Banco and won. After winning T.Donald recommends lowering a bet on $ 100, but in this case it seems to be impossible. And still try: put zero on Banco. In other words, we miss the distribution, but carefully follow its result. If Banco elected by us lost, then, as always, raise a bet - $ 100 at Banco. But if he won, we will again put the bet and put $ 100 minus on Banco. A little imagination, and everything becomes clear: the rate of $ 100 is done on Punto. And so on and so forth. If the next distribution wins Punto, we will return to the zero rate.

Now put on Punto again and play two surrenders with opposite results. Ensure that we will win $ 100 regardless of the order of won and lost surrender. Before the negative rate, the case, however, will not happen, but zero will have to be likewise.

And what if you put on Banco? Let's look at the same two surrender. Suppose, the first time wins Punto, in the second - Banco. Having lighted at first $ 100, then we will win 200. Taking into account the "commission", our winnings will be $ 90. If you change the distribution in some places, the winnings will increase to $ 95.

It seems that Banco is a bit "offended". But we believed that the chances of the parties are about the same, and the chances are nothing more than expected dividends (cash winnings or losses). With this assumption, Banco should win a little more often than Punto. Banco playing gains in a ratio of 95: 100; You can calculate that with equal chances of the parties on the 39 Punto victories should have 40 winnings Banco. This is his compensation.

We looked only for two surrenders with different results. But you can prove more general position: if at a bit of time the number of winnings Punto and Banco will be approximately the same (with a small bias towards Banco), then the Donald-Natanson system will bring success to the player, which direction he set. This is its main concept. But we repeat: there is a danger that the player's money can end long before the onset of "equilibrium". And in the presence of large capital, it is quite possible to "persist" into the upper limit of the rates set on the playing table in the casino. "Martingale" in this sense is not alone.

What is the meaning of gaming systems?

From mathematics to philosophy

The main objection of mathematicians against any game system sounds very simple. Players in the casino on average lose, and it is not going anywhere. The mathematical expectation of your winnings is always negative, and the longer the game lasts, the deeper you are immersed in the abyss.

But let's look at another mathematical characteristic - the probability of leading leadership. Most game systems are arranged so that in the initial phase of the game, this probability significantly exceeds 50%. Leadership is a positive monetary balance, therefore, most likely, at first you will win and, perhaps, long enough. The most striking example is "Martingale": with significant initial capital, the probability of holding leadership "at the start" is so high that negative mathematical expectation remains ... it is waiting.

But less aggressive systems, such as Thomas Donald, follow a similar principle. Indeed, this system is based on the position of the sufficient proximity of the frequencies with which two opposite events occur. At the initial stage of the game, this assumption is most likely justified, i.e. We are confronted with the system that ensures the high probability of leadership "from the start". Even more effective in this sense, the Donald-Natanson system with zero and negative rates.

There is a natural question: how long does the player's leadership continues in such systems and what picture occurs after a sufficiently large number of tests? In order not to tire the reader with bulky calculations, for the time of the casino's reality and consider a completely simple game. "Banker" throws up a playing bone, i.e. A cube, the faces of which are numbered from 1 to 6. If "1" falls out, you pay $ 5, in other cases you get $ 1 from the banker. As mathematicians say, this is a zero-sum game: the mathematical expectations of the player's winning and banker are equal to 0. But unlike ordinary Orlyanka, the "starting" probability of player's leadership is above 50%. Here it is quite possible to do without cunning systems: the rules of the game themselves treat you "carefully". And now take a look, please, on Table 5. There are probabilities of your success (with an accuracy of hundredths) after each of the first 20 cube throws.

If you imagine a schedule for the probability of conservation of leadership, depending on the number of throws, it would be similar to the fading sinusoid. It fluctuates around the 50% mark, and "peaks" fall on 1st, 7th, 13 tests and further alternate after 6 (the number of the graves of the cube). It is not difficult to imagine what it would be if the cube would have not 6, but let's say several thousand faces. (To play such a cube, it is not necessary to part with your native 3-dimensional space, it is very easy to simulate on the computer.) "The period" of the oscillations of our sinusoids would be huge, and the initial phase of the game, on which the player would likely won the top It would be extremely long. This picture is very similar to what is happening when using Martingale type systems. What to say, tempting the game ...

We got a pretty good illustration of the principle. The fact is that one or another fading sinusoid is peculiar to all game systems, providing a high "starting" probability of leadership. "Thomas Donald" is no exception, although quantitative characteristics here, of course, others.

If you return to the real casino and remember the negative mathematical expectation, the type of sinusoids will change. (Recall that in Punto Banco players lose from 1 to 1.3% of the bet in each "average" distribution.) The expected loss will put on our sinusoid on top, it will no longer fluctuate about 50% mark and sooner or later , wriggling, will go down - in that very precipice, we have already spoken about.

To avoid lesions, experienced players use the so-called "scope" theory, i.e. Trying to stop the game in exactly the calculated moment. In a circle of friends or friends, interrupt the game at the time of the winnings is considered unethical - you risks the "piety" and lose partners. It is believed that the game in a friendly circle pursues not pragmatic purposes, but is a way to communicate. In the medium of professionals, and even more so in a casino, throw the game at any time is considered absolutely normal.

If the game is 50% or close to it, and the winning schedule or loss has the form of sinusoids, then any professional player tries to stop the game at the time of a positive peak. The only task that needs to be solved is to determine the value of the maximum fluctuation, i.e. The greatest deviation from zero in one direction or another. Sometimes, in case of bad luck, the points of "Skåkoka" have to wait long. In another case, the optimal result is achieved in a few minutes of the game.

A high-quality picture was obtained, but what's next? What do they give us game systems? Firstly, there is a positive psychological factor: the player has a feeling that it does not act on a naobum, but "systematically". But the capture of leadership at an early stage of the game has another priceless advantage: a good mood comes to the winning. His attitude to money often becomes easy, and ease is exactly what Fortuna loves. The mysterious relationship between attitudes towards the money and favor of Fortune was trying to use N.A.Nekrasov. Going on a large game, money, "intended" to lose, he put in a separate pocket. "It is necessary," he said, "refer to these money as if they are no longer."

Of course, a lung attitude to money can be raised in yourself, you can even be born with it, but it does not always work. Gaming systems serve here an indispensable assistant here, and in this - their main and absolutely real meaning. Fortune often comes to meet the "easy" player, and for some reason, the terrible MiG of the releament with the "banker" is postponed. This unknown until the law celebrated very many outstanding players. They know that this law exists, and in this aspect is almost unanimous.

Players players, what do professional mathematics think about this? The blitz poll held by us showed that they are divided into several categories. Some consider all this with a solid mysticism, but there are no majority. Others believe that all this is good, but mathematics here is powerless. Third people say that modern mathematics are powerless. But we liked one of the answers most of all: "Mathematics just does not work with that model. A more adequate model should give it some kind of natural science. And then everything will be able to mathematics."

System suicide

Often ask whether the player needs mathematical abilities? Not necessarily. Gaming systems are different genres. Often, other talents come to the rescue - for example, criminal.

This funny story is taken from Neighbor Alexander Willkotta "Rates made", written on the basis of real events. The young man, thoroughly lost in the Casino Monte Carlo, committed suicide. His body was found on the seashore: a gun was covered in her hand, and the shirt was filled with blood. The casino casino under the cover of the dark is hastily descends to the sea and smoothly shoves in the pocket of the unfortunate 10 bills of 1000 francs. Casino reputation should not suffer! Suicide is impossible due to a major loss.

But the dead man and did not think to drive accounts with life. On the shirt was only tomato juice. And then follows HAPPY End: the hero returns to the casino and, wounded by luck, increases its capital 10 times!

Greek syndicate

This story is described in the Encyclopedia of Gambling Alan Waix. Greek Syndicate appeared in Paris in 1919. Shortly before that, two Greek came there - Nicholas Zograpos and Eli Eliopulo, who wanted to try their strength on the field of gambling. They quickly gained wide fame as bookmakers and regulars of gambling institutions of the French capital. In one of the clubs, they met with a zoo kuyomjan from Armenia, who earned himself a professional game. Since none of the trinity was inferior to the rest in mastery, they decided to unite efforts and means, creating the so-called "Greek Syndicate". Later, the Greek Atanase Wagliano entered him, which inserted his condition acquired on the carriage of goods, and then the Frenchman Andrei Frenchman joined the syndicate.

In the 20s and 19th, the current century, the Syndicate asked the tone in a number of western European casino - in Monte Carlo, Deauville, Cannes. Over the years, members of the Syndicate have progressed a considerable state and significantly increased their capital. In many ways, they were obliged to this exceptional gaming talent and supernatural intuition of NIKO ziographs.

While the 20-year-old young men, Zograpos sent his considerable mathematical abilities to improving skills in calculations in various gambling - especially in Bakkara. Initially, he carefully studied the slightest subtleties of this game, then stubbornly trained and after a while she reached the vertex of skill. He began to be considered one of the leading experts on Baccarat.

In many respects, gambling zonographer was explained by his amazing memory. He could unmistakably name any card played throughout the party in Baccarat. By the end of the batch, the zograpos invariably knew the exact advantage of several last cards remaining in the deck. Therefore, it easily determined the likelihood of obtaining certain cards, calculating the amount of rates in advance.

During the flourishing period of the gambling activity, the reputation of a lucky player who almost never suffers defeats was firmly entrusted to him. Therefore, he possessed and purely psychological superiority over the majority of his potential opponents. Thanks to the phenomenal memory, it could easily call the amounts of winnings and losing his rivals during the evening, as well as the limit amounts to which they could afford to play. These data plus almost an error-free game instinct allowed a zirograph to accurately determine the strategy and tactics of partners, the magnitude of their rates in various game situations. Of course, such skills are necessary for any professional player, but in fact, only a few reached those vertices of skill, which conquered zirographs. In addition, it is significant that the shadow of doubt about the integrity and decency of his members has never arisen in relation to the Greek Syndicate.

In those days, in the French Riviera Casino, preference was given to the Baccair version, where players play against each other. One leads the game and serves the role of the Bunder, others pont (see footnote & on page &). And in 1922, the members of the Greek Syndicate thanks to their non-Game Gaming Abilities and United Capital, managed to hit the entire game world, making an unprecedented step. It was officially announced that in the case when the Bunder is a member of the syndicate, limitations for the limit rates are removed.

The idea belonged to zirographs, and the main part of the required capital (approximately $ 2 million) provided Vagliao. At the opening of the season in Deauville Zograpos, ranking the place of the Bundle, simply and businessly announced: "There are no restrictions." Rates could be raised at least to heaven. The most rainbow hopes of the syndicate quickly turned into reality. From all over the world in a casino, where the syndicate settled, wealthy players came out, ready to take a chance of major amounts and ruining the challenge of the Bunders. But those who expedited huge winnings were forced to make big bets. And it was not easy to play against the priesthood: the capital of the syndicate not only did not decrease, but grew like on yeast.

But no one is insured against failures: barren happened to breakdowns. For example, in 1926, in Cannes, he lost $ 672 thousand in one of the week. After several unsuccessful parties, he got up because of the table, left the gaming room, and after some time he returned from 1 million francs ($ 168 thousand) . Apparently, it was his latest money. But Zagrafos without hesitation sat down and immediately set the whole amount. Feeling the approaching junction, the opponents made the maximum rates. Zagrafos calmly passed the cards. The rivals got seven and the eight, and the queue was transferred to Zagrafosu. His first two cards were pictures (0 points), and then he took the third. It was a bubnic nine - unconditional victory! He won after all. And the strip began. Good luck: Victory followed one after another not only that evening, but in all the next. And the Bubnovy Nine became the talisman of the progress. Her image was concerned about many of his things - cigarette, cufflinks and even on the pennant of the yacht.

This episode has become a turning point in the activities of Greek Syndicate. Despite the individual failures and defeats, he has never found himself near the edge of the abyss. And for a long time, the Syndicate remained an almighty ruler of the Igor Empire, covering almost all Western Europe.

Fraud Bakkara

Is it possible to use shoe techniques when playing baccarat?

Of course, in principle, perhaps - as in any other card game. But before we look at a couple of cases, let's ask a question "Who is profitable?". Respectable casinos, rewarding with their reputation, do not resort to sculphism for the game in Bakkar, for no other, because it is unprofitable. The loss of a good name and customers, not to mention the loss of the license, will be much more expensive.

In Baccarat, as we remember, traditionally players fought with each other, the institution itself did not participate in the game, but only received the insurance premium from the Bunder, being his trustee, beneficiary. In this situation, the dealer, representative of the casino, there are no economic motives of a dishonest game.

In today's practical situation, the advantage that casino has over a player in the form of a small percentage, on a long distance leads to the fact that all the money, which is found in the game, sooner or later falls there, where and should get - in accordance with the laws of mathematics. For casino, it would be an ineffable stupidity to put a reputation for the establishment and resort to fraud. All that he needed is that the gambling table surrounded the crowd of worthy players and that the bets were as large as possible and numerous. A loan in the amount of 1-1.3 percent is practically a guarantee that in the end all the money will be "based on".

Nevertheless, the scam for the game in Bakkar still happens. It happens sometimes for the reason that some operators simply cannot force themselves to play honestly (Schura Balaganova syndrome: "Commander, Ochakov, I did not want, I am automatically), and others are not able to protect your customers from" Lidh people. " By itself, the game of Bakkar is a gathering feeder for coils around the world, because this game is played by the biggest money, and the rates are extremely high. However, to "execute" any trick in Bakkara, it takes an exceptionally high professional skill, because all Players are continuously under the supervision of three croupiers, carefully looking at derived from three different points.

John Skarna tells how one day he managed to convince the doubting that the scam at the Bakkar table in principle is possible.

It happened in 1958, when Mike McLaney, the owner of Habana Nacional Casino, and 19 other operators of Cuban casino decided to establish uniform regulatory rules and create a Cuban game control commission (Cuban Gaming Control Board). Skarn was invited as an expert and he was even suggested to lead the commission, but he rejected this proposal for personal reasons. During the meeting, Scarney expressed a statement that any institution in which there is a table for Bakkar - be it a Cuban, American or casino in Monte Carlo, is doomed from time to time to become the mining of international class coilers.

The owner of Sevilla Biltmore Casino by name analyzing batisitis allowed himself to doubt:

I doubt that some thief is able to steal anything from my table to play Baccarat! Everyone knows that I have the best in the whole Cuba croup, so no fraud in my casino is impossible!

Skarn only smiled in response. But after three weeks he went to battles and privatically offered him a friendly bet:

There is no doubt that the best croup on Cuba will immediately expose Shulera for the game in Bakcara. Let's check them. I put $ 500 that I can "prophet" with them something that they cannot be able to "buy out". I will play until I win or lose $ 10,000. This money is not included in the bet: you will give me a loan, and I will play "I do not cry - I do not get." If I lose or I will be caught by hand, with me 500. If you win 10 "pieces" - with the help of fraud, - 500 with you.

Batistics was a player. He thought: "And what, in the end," Pyattai "on the road is not lying." Parish took place.

There was an early evening, and the table for Bakkar has not yet started to act. At the table were only casino employees. The battysis said the croupier that the scanner can get $ 10,000 on credit, and the village himself would see the elevation game for the inspector. The game has begun. About 20 minutes, I installed $ 100 for about 20 minutes, and on the face of batistry, all this time was written the mystery, which he tried to unravel: "How is this type going to win $ 10,000, playing $ 100?".

John was with his own when he suddenly said: "I put $ 10,000 on the player." The croupier looked at battles, and he nodded in agreement. The croupier put the ten-thousand marker to the position "Player" (Punto) and said to the serving dealer: "Maps, please." When the player's two cards and two banker cards were handed over, the croupier shaped the player's card with the help of his "Paletta" and put it right before Skarn. He took them with his left hand and, delaying at some fraction of a second in a closed position, quickly turned over on the table and cried out: "Nine!". Indeed, on the table lay beautiful 9 points in the form of a currency and nine peak. The croupier turned to the serving dealer and asked to open the bank cards. The banker turned out 6 points. "Player won," - stated the croupier. He collected all four cards from the table and dropped them into a box for playing cards through a special slot in the center of the table. Having gained a win, said Skarn from the table.

Casino employees behaved as if nothing had happened: indeed, the rate of $ 10,000 was not something out of the Casino's row. However, the face of battysis expressed bewilderment. He tears from his elevation and approached the scan: "But where is your fraud !? you are simply lucky!"

This is what you think! And I advise you to get a box for playing cards and better consider the four latest cards.

Two of them, with a closer look, were with another shirt - currency and nine peak.

Have you changed the cards!?

Well yes. You like the Bicycle cards more, and I - Tally-Ho.

Having received their "honestly htched" $ 500, Skarn left the casino under the sounds of clarifying the owner of relations with the "best in Cuba Kuba". It was preferred to express them their discontent in Spanish.

John's tips Scarney player in baccarat

1. The middle class player has little chance to survive if he misses any scaling from the side of the croupier. Therefore, the first and best advice: make rates closer to a minimum than to the maximum, if you are not playing an institution with a long-established impeccable reputation.

2. The most common and most "slaughter" reception is to insert the cards prepared in advance, composed in a certain order. Some manage to even replace the entire Sabo, containing 8 decks carefully laid in advance. In order not to become easy prey, keep your eyes open - watch carefully behind the process of tacking cards and their laying in Sabo.

3. Some unscrupulous casinos are used when playing Baccarat Sabo with a secret. Such a Sabo has a secret pocket, which is usually hiding eight cards: 9-10-9-10-9-10-9-10. Pocket is located next to the hole through which the cards are served when passing. Sleeping a sabo with your left hand, the fraudster opens with the help of the built-in mechanism of the hitch poverty pocket, through which the right hand pulls the right hand. As soon as a large bet appears, the rogue gives up a combination that gives an immediate winner (9 points) to its accomplice-player.

To eliminate the possibility of such splinter, it recommends using the Sabo from transparent plastic materials, allowing you to make sure that there are no secrets in the box.

Cramped cards are given when the advantage is given when playing Baccara, whole books are written, considering not only the question of using this advantage, but also to neutralize it.

Scene from M.A. Bulgakov

M.Bulgakov "Run"

Piece in four actions

<...>

Charnta. Well, you know, Paramon, a sinful man, who would have been informed for the Bolsheviks, just to shoot you. I would shoot and instantly allowed back. Wait, why do you need these cards? You play?

Korzukhin. I do not see anything surprising in this. I like and love very much.

Charnta. You play! What game do you play?

Korzukhin. Imagine, nine, and I love very much.

Charnta. So play with me.

Korzukhin. I would love to, but, you see, I love to play only for cash.

Doves. Will you stop humiliate, Gregory, or not? Let's go to!

Charnta. There is no humiliation in this. (Whisper.) What do you say? In extreme cases? There will be no extremely case. Come on Khludovsky Medallion!

Doves. On, please, I do not care now. And I'm leaving.

Charnta. No, we will come together. I woore you with such a physiognomy. You still dive into the Seine. (Stretches Korzukhin medallion.) How many?

Korzukhin. Um ... decent thing ... Well, ten dollars.

Charnta. However, Paramon! This thing stands much more, but you seem to do not understand it. Well, gone! (Hands Medallion Korzukhin, he gives him ten dollars. Sits to the card table, rolls the skest sleeves, hacks a deck.) How is your name?

Korzukhin. GM ... Antoine.

Charnta (ROW). Antoine!

Antoine appears.

Bring me, dove, eat.

Antoine (surprised, but having smiled respectfully). I listen, with ... and Lance! (Disappears.)

Charnta. How much?

Korzukhin. Well, these are ten dollars. I will ask the map.

Charnta. Nine.

Korzukhin (pays). I will ask for Kwit.

Charnta (mosques). Nine.

Korzukhin. Kit once again.

Charnta. Would you like a map?

Korzukhin. Yes. Seven.

Charnta. And I have eight.

Korzukhin (smiling). Well, so be, at Kit.

Doves (suddenly). Charnta! What are you doing? After all, he doubles and, of course now take you all back!

Charnta. If you understand me better, so you sit for me.

Doves. I can not.

Charnta. So do not sustinate the light! Card?

Korzukhin. Yes please. Ah, damn, fat!

Charnta. I have three points.

Korzukhin. You do not buy a triple?

Charnta. Sometimes like when ...

Antoine introduces a snack.

(Drinking.) Doves, wineglass?

Doves. I do not wish.

Charnta. And you, paramon, what?

Korzukhin. Mercy, I already had breakfast.

Charnta. Yeah ... pleased card?

Korzukhin. Yes. One hundred sixty dollars.

Charnta. Going. Countess, at the cost of one Randevo ... nine.

Korzukhin. Unheard of a thing! Three hundred twenty goes!

Charnta. Please send cash.

Doves. Throw, Charnta, begging you! Now throw!

Charnta. Be kind, you do some things. Well, album, or see. (Korzukhin.) Cash, please!

Korzukhin. Now. (Recalls the cashier, the bells immediately born in it, calls were heard everywhere.)

The light goes out and immediately returns. Antoine with a revolver in hand appears from the front.

Doves. What it is?

Korzukhin. This is alarm from thieves. Antoine, you are free, I opened it.

Antoine comes out.

Charnta. Very good thing. Gone! Eight!

Korzukhin. Does six hundred forty dollars?

Charnta. Will not go. This bet does not accept the bank.

Korzukhin. You play well. How much will take?

Charnta. Fifty.

Korzukhin. Gone! Nine!

Charnta. I have fat.

Korzukhin. Send.

Charnta. You are welcome.

Korzukhin. Five hundred and ninety!

Charnta. E, Paramosha, you are gambling! That's where your weak string!

Doves. Charnta, I beg, we leave!

Korzukhin. Card! I have seven!

Charnta. Seven and a half! Just kidding, eight.

Doves suddenly closes the ears and falls on the sofa. Korzukhin opens the key of the cashier. Again the ringing, darkness, again light.

And already night on stage. Candles in pink caps are burning on the card table. Korzukhin is already without a jacket, his hair is torn. In the windows of the lights of Paris, the music is heard somewhere. Before Corzukhin and in front of the charap - piles of currency. Doves lies on the sofa and sleeps.

Charnta (Sens). You will get a fatal blow ... Three cards, three cards, three cards ... Fat.

Korzukhin. Send four hundred! Let's go three thousand!

Charnta. There is. Cash!

Korzukhin rushes to the checkout. Again the darkness with the ringing and music. Then light. In Paris - blue dawn. Quiet. No music is heard. Korzukhin, Charnte and Doves are similar to the shadow. On the floor, bottles from champagne are lying.

Doves, lumpy, hides money in pockets.

Charnte (Korzukhin). Do you have newspapers to wrap?

Korzukhin. No. You know what, hand me out in cash, I will give you a check!

Charnta. What are you, Paramon? Is it really twenty thousand dollars to a person who appeared in the entrepreneurs in some bank? No thanks!

Doves. Charnta, redeem my medallion, I want to return it!

Korzukhin. Three hundred dollars!

Doves. On the! (Money throws.)

Korzukhin in response throws a medallion.

Charnta. Well, goodbye, Paramosh. We suggested you, we have time.

Tables

Table 1

Card set diagram in Punto Banco game (P - Punto, B - Banco)

Amount Punto glasses	Banco glasses sum	Stroke Game
8, 9	0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9	comparison
6, 7	0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5	B. Gets a map, comparison
6, 7	6, 7, 8, 9	comparison
0, 1, 2, 3, 4	0, 1, 2	P. gets a map B. Gets a map, comparison
0, 1, 2, 3, 4	3	P. gets a map and if map P. = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 — B. Gets a map, comparison map P. = 8 - Comparison
0, 1, 2, 3, 4	4	P. gets a map and if map P. = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 — B. Gets a map, comparison map P. = 0, 1, 8, 9 - Comparison
0, 1, 2, 3, 4	5	P. gets a map and if map P. = 4, 5, 6, 7 — B. Gets a map, comparison map P. = 0, 1, 2, 3, 8, 9 - Comparison
0, 1, 2, 3, 4	6	P. gets a map and if map P. = 6, 7 — B. Gets a map, comparison map P. = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9 - Comparison
0, 1, 2, 3, 4	7	P. gets a map comparison
0, 1, 2, 3, 4	8, 9	wins B.
5 (Draw)	P. gets the third card, then maps B. Opened, further actions occur according to the scheme for P. = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
5 (Stand)	0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5	B. gets a map comparison
5 (Stand)	6, 7, 8, 9	comparison

table 2

Probability Win Punto, Banco and Egalite After opening Punto Card

Amount Punto glasses	Punto	Banco.	Égalité.
0	0,2781	0,6546	0,0673
1	0,2830	0,6469	0,0700
2	0,2907	0,6337	0,0756
3	0,3040	0,6148	0,0812
4	0,3229	0,5791	0,0980
5 (Draw)	0,3585	0,5378	0,1036
5 (Stand)	0,3605	0,5699	0,0696
6	0,4301	0,4274	0,1425
7	0,5726	0,2849	0,1425
8	0,8107	0,0947	0,0947
9	0,9053	0	0,0947

Table 3.

Expected losses Punto and Banco with different probabilities appearance of the fourth

The probability of the appearance of the fourth	Punto loss (%)	Banco Loss (%)
0,020	1,205	1,096
0,025	1,235	1,067
0,030	1,265	1,038
0,035	1,294	1,010
0,040	1,322	0,982
0,045	1,350	0,955
0,050	1,365	0,932
0,055	1,341	0,955
0,060	1,316	0,979
0,065	1,291	1,003
0,070	1,265	1,028
0,075	1,239	1,054
0,080	1,211	1,080
0,085	1,184	1,107
0,090	1,155	1,134
0,095	1,127	1,162
0,100	1,097	1,191
0,105	1,068	1,219
0,110	1,037	1,249
0,115	1,007	1,278
0,120	0,976	1,308
0,125	0,944	1,339
0,130	0,913	1,369
0,135	0,881	1,400
0,140	0,849	1,431

Table 4.

Expected Punto and Banco losses at various probabilities

The probability of the appearance of the top	Punto loss (%)	Banco Loss (%)
0,020	1,057	1,232
0,025	1,067	1,222
0,030	1,079	1,210
0,035	1,092	1,198
0,040	1,105	1,185
0,045	1,119	1,171
0,050	1,134	1,156
0,055	1,150	1,141
0,060	1,167	1,124
0,065	1,184	1,107
0,070	1,202	1,090
0,075	1,221	1,071
0,080	1,240	1,052
0,085	1,260	1,033
0,090	1,280	1,013
0,095	1,301	0,992
0,100	1,323	0,971
0,105	1,345	0,949
0,110	1,367	0,927
0,115	1,390	0,905
0,120	1,413	0,882
0,125	1,425	0,879
0,130	1,410	0,894
0,135	1,394	0,909
0,140	1,377	0,926

Table 5.

Game in a cube. The probability of the player's results depending on the number of cubes

Number of cubic throws	Probability of winning	The likelihood of draw	Probability loss
1	0,83	0	0,17
2	0,69	0	0,31
3	0,58	0	0,42
4	0,48	0	0,52
5	0,40	0	0,60
6	0,33	0,40	0,26
7	0,67	0	0,33
8	0,80	0	0,40
9	0,54	0	0,46
10	0,48	0	0,52
11	0,43	0	0,57
12	0,38	0,30	0,32
13	0,63	0	0,37
14	0,58	0	0,42
15	0,53	0	0,47
16	0,49	0	0,51
17	0,44	0	0,56
18	0,40	0,25	0,35
19	0,61	0	0,39
20	0,57	0	0,43

Mystery Bakcara

Do you know the secret of baccarat?
It is necessary to know it:
This ringing game,
How Crystal - Smoke Girlfriend.
The same discreet avgar
The same nonsense
And crushed cigars,
Gentle ash in cuffs.
Told us a long time ago
Honest Code of Don Juan
What's in business with fate
The sophistication is unwanted.
What then will only come out,
If at once donna Anna
Navalle bark across
Immaculate sofa.
The more stupid, the clever,
Than straight, the more successful
With surprised, "with the captive, with her",
Speake your evening.
And gambling
The same tastes share:
This bitch, baccarat,
Only Nakhrapa is inferior.
Those who are timid, thoughtful, strict, -
Forever caverza fails
And rowing paper stack
Who feel easier to suit her.

Georgy Shengheli (Printed by autograph)

1. FRO. Baccara. It is possible to communicate with FR. Baccarat - top quality crystal, the name of which happened from the city of Bakkara, where it was produced. It is also possible to origin from Ital. Baccara - zero. ()

2. From FR. Chemin de Fer is the railway. ()

3. By the name of the Portuguese Colony in East Asia off the coast of the South China Sea. ()

4. So called this game Koreans living in the Caucasus and Central Asia in Soviet times. They played it very large after harvesting rice and bows, traditionally cultivated cultures cultivated. ()

5. Palette (Fr.) - Shovel ()

6. From English. Call - call, call ()

7. Cutting Card (English) - Card for trimming ()

8. SABOT (FR.) - Shoe, Pad ()

9. The word Baccaper just refers to zero glasses; Compare the tank - zero in the game Smemen, in the pre-revolutionary games of Macau and Baccarat, a combination, giving zero glasses, called fat ()

10. In the most old variety of this game, still practiced in many gambling homes, players played against each other. One fulfilled the role of an attorney, the rest were pontoval. The establishment did not take anything from the Putrists, and the banking for each successful bank "disgusting" the institution with a winnings. It is logical when the banking is mosquitated by the bank itself. ()

11. In the event that players put on Punto, they decide who of them opens the punishes. If there is no consent, this right belongs to whose rate is greater. If there are no bets on Punto at all, the card opens the dealer. ()

12. In addition to one case - when Punto 5 points. ()

13. From Fr. D "Emblee - gives a winnings. Mayakovsky has a" verse sharp about roulette and piece of iron "in which this term is used by" one time ":

I suggest somehow in the evening gloomy
come GPU and remove the "lamb" -
half playing
and the other is Muura. ()

14. Dozens and pictures as the first card are estimated at 10 points. ()

15. "Buy" on the shoe jargon means "recognize" ()

16. "Pyattai" - 500 rubles. From 5 "Kat" - in the storoble, the times of Catherine II was the portrait of the empress. ()

17. We are talking about Baccarat in which players play among themselves, and the establishment has only its legal percentage with the winning banker ()

18. A L "INSTANT! - This minute (Fr.) ()