Roman silver denarii of the 1st and 3rd centuries. Coins of ancient rome. Gold coins of Rome

Lat. denarium, actually: containing ten. Weight and coin in many countries. An explanation of the 25,000 foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language, with the meaning of their roots. Mikhelson AD, 1865. DENARIUS coin in ancient times. Rome from 269 BC to ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

Dinarius Dictionary of Russian synonyms. denarius n., number of synonyms: 2 denarius (3) coin ... Synonym dictionary

DENARIUS, denarius, husband. The same as a denarius. Ushakov's explanatory dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

Denarius (from the Latin denarius consisting of ten) is an ancient Roman silver coin of 10 ases, containing 4.5 g of silver, the minting of which began in the 3rd century. BC NS. The modern monetary units of different countries, the dinars, got their name from the denarius. ... ... Economic Dictionary

Silver coinage Roman and later medieval unit. Pliny dates the first issue of a Roman silver coin to 485 from the founding of the city (269 BC). By type and weight, the first D. of the Roman Republic imitate (for commercial purposes) ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

See Denarius. * * * denarius (lat. denarius), 1) a silver coin in ancient Rome, equal to 10 assams (then 16 assams). It was minted from 269 BC. NS. 2) Coin unit in some European countries in the Middle Ages. * * * DENARIUS DENARIUS (Latin denarius) ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Denarius- (from Lat. deni to ten), Rome. a silver coin originally equal to 10 Assam. It began to be minted, apparently, from the 2nd Punic War and at first had a mass of 4.55 g (1/72 pound). During the Empire, the mass of D. decreased (for example, with ... ... Dictionary of antiquity

Ancient Roman silver coin ... Numismatist Dictionary

- (from Lat. denarius consisting of 10) ancient Roman silver coin of 10 Assov. Began minting in 269 BC. NS. and contained 4.55 g of pure silver. A number of countries that had close trade ties with Ancient Rome still retain their names ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Denarius, denarius, denarius, denarius, denarius, denarius, denarius, denarius, denarius, denarius, denarius, denarius (Source: "Full accentuated paradigm according to A. A. Zaliznyak") ... Forms of words

Books

• We are up to us! , Monk Barnabas (Evgeny Sanin). During archaeological excavations in the village of Pokrovskoye, a newly found ancient Russian marble slab with a unique mosaic disappears. Graduated from school Stas Teplov, the main character of the stories ...
• Denarius of Caesar, Drozdov Anatoly Fedorovich. What young man at 16 does not dream of fame? The young centurion Mark from the Gallic city of Lugdunum has every reason to believe in a happy fate. He is young, handsome and distinguished. Only life in ...

Denarius was first introduced into circulation during the monetary reform of 268 BC. NS. ... Its weight was set at 4 scruples (approximately 4.5 grams) of silver and practically did not change during the Republic period. The fractions of denarius were also produced - quinarius (2 scruples) and sestertius (1 scruple). The stability of the denarius gradually allowed it to become widespread and become one of the most authoritative coins in the entire Mediterranean, which greatly contributed to the strengthening of the economic influence of Rome.

Originally, one denarius corresponded to 10 copper assam. From here comes the name of the coin, which literally means "consisting of ten", and its symbol is a Roman numeral X or X... Around 141 BC NS. due to the decrease in the weight of Assa Denarius, it was equated to 16 Assam. During this period, 1 denarius was equal to the daily salary of a Roman legionary.

Medieval denarius

Denarius in Central and Eastern Europe

At the beginning of the 14th century, a silver denarius (Prague parvus) bit in Bohemia = 1/12 of the Prague penny.

From the second half of the XIV century, a similar denarius began to be produced in the Kingdom of Poland = 1/12 of a Krakow penny (from 1447 - 1/18 of a penny). At first, the weight of the coin was 0.2-0.3 g, the fineness of silver was 200-400, in the first half of the 15th century the weight of the coin became 0.3 g, the fineness of silver dropped to 100-200.

After the unification of the monetary system of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1580 and until the middle of the 17th century, the denarius became the smallest coin (except for the short existence of the obol denarius coin). Broken at the Vilna mint in 1581-82, the denarius of Stefan Batory, with the coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Poland on the obverse and the legend “ I DENARI MDL"(1 denarius ON) on the reverse, had a weight of 0.4 g, a diameter of 12 mm, a coin thickness of 0.3 mm, and a silver fineness of 94.

Modern denarii

Dinar, denar, denis and other derivatives from the word "denarius" in our time are called monetary units of many Arab states, as well as countries that were part of Yugoslavia.

State	Currency name	Currency sign	Image	ISO 4217 code	Changeable currency	Her share	Image
Algeria Algeria	Dinar (Algerian dinar)	.د.ج DA		DZD	Centime	1 ⁄ 100
Bahrain Bahrain	Dinar (Bahraini dinar)	.د.ب BD		BHD	Fils	1 ⁄ 1000
Jordan jordan	Dinar (Jordanian dinar)	.د.إ JD		JOD	Dirham	1 ⁄ 10
Iraq Iraq	Dinar (Iraqi dinar)	.د.ع ID		IQD	Fils	1 ⁄ 1000
Iran Iran	Rial (Iranian rial)	﷼ IR		IRR	Dinar	1 ⁄ 100
Kuwait Kuwait	Dinar (Kuwaiti dinar)	.د.ك KD		KWD	Fils	1 ⁄ 1000
Libya	Dinar (Libyan dinar)	.د.ل LD		LYD	Dirham	1 ⁄ 1000
Macedonia Macedonia	Denard	den.		MKD	Denis	1 ⁄ 100
Serbia Serbia	Dinar (Serbian dinar)	din. din.		RSD	Pair	1 ⁄ 100
Tunisia Tunisia	Dinar (Tunisian dinar)	.د.ت TD		TND	Millim	1 ⁄ 1000

Biblical mentions

Denarius, being the main coin of the Roman Empire and its provinces, in particular, Judea, is often mentioned in the New Testament.

Sum	Product / Service / Situation	Place in the New Testament
500 denarii	Forgiven debt	OK.
300 denarii	"A pound of pure precious world nard" for anointing	Mk. ; Jn.
200 denarii	Bread for "five thousand husbands", "so that each of them gets at least a little"	Mk. ; Jn.
100 denarii	Debt to an unmerciful debtor	Mt.
50 denarii	Forgiven debt	OK.
1 didrachma 2 denarius	Half-Cycle Annual Temple Tax	Mt.
	All-inclusive hotel fees	OK.
1 denarius	Annual poll tax (tax) payable to the metropolis (see Caesar's Caesar)	Mt. ; Mk. ; OK.
	Daily wages of the winegrower	Mt.
	1 hinix (about a liter) wheat	Open
	3 hinix barley	Open

Denarius Glyph

Since the Roman denarius corresponded to 10 copper assam, its symbol was the Roman numeral X, which was sometimes crossed out so as not to be confused with a number, - X(In the Unicode standard, this character is at position U + 10196 - 𐆖).

For a long time, the penny and pfennig symbols were the first letter in the Latin name of the coin - denarius... In England and English-speaking countries, it was written in regular type - d, in Germany - in German Gothic italics - ₰ ... After 1971 (the introduction of the decimal currency system in Great Britain), the penny is designated by the letter p, the German pfennig symbol has hardly been used since the middle of the 20th century.

Dinars, denar and deni do not have independent symbols. The usual abbreviations are used for their short description (see the table in the section "Modern denarii").

see also

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• Sluggish princes of Litouskae. Encyclopedia in 2 volumes - Minsk: Belarusian encyklapedia, 2005. - Volume 1, p. 613.

Ancient Greek (archaic) Ancient greek Ancient Roman (Republic) Ancient Roman (Empire) Ancient Roman (Provinces) Byzantine Middle Eastern Other see also

units A man in a frieze overcoat, raising his hand up, shouted: - Important! went to fight! Guys, it's important! .. “This is the master himself,” voices were heard. - So, so, - said Prince Andrey, referring to Alpatych, - tell everything as I told you. And, not answering a word to Berg, who fell silent beside him, he touched the horse and rode into the alley. The troops continued to retreat from Smolensk. The enemy followed them. On August 10, the regiment, commanded by Prince Andrey, passed along the high road, past the avenue leading to Lysye Gory. The heat and drought lasted for over three weeks. Curly clouds walked across the sky every day, occasionally blocking the sun; but in the evening it cleared again, and the sun set in a brownish-red haze. Only the strong dew at night refreshed the earth. The bread remaining at the root burned and poured out. The swamps are dry. The cattle roared with hunger, finding no food on the meadows burned by the sun. Only at night and in the forests there was still dew, it was cool. But along the road, along the high road along which the troops marched, even at night, even through the forests, there was no such coolness. The dew was not noticeable on the sandy dust of the road, which had been pounded by more than a quarter of an arshin. As soon as dawn broke, movement began. Carts, artillery silently walked along the hub, and the infantry was ankle-deep in soft, stuffy, hot dust that had not cooled down during the night. One part of this sandy dust was kneaded by feet and wheels, the other rose and stood like a cloud over the army, sticking into the eyes, hair, ears, nostrils and, most importantly, into the lungs of people and animals moving along this road. The higher the sun rose, the higher the cloud of dust rose, and through this thin, hot dust at the sun, not covered by clouds, one could see with the naked eye. The sun appeared to be a large crimson ball. There was no wind and people were suffocating in this still atmosphere. People walked with handkerchiefs tied around their noses and mouths. Coming to the village, everything rushed to the wells. They fought for water and drank it to the mud. Prince Andrey commanded the regiment, and the structure of the regiment, the well-being of its people, the need to receive and issue orders occupied him. The fire of Smolensk and its abandonment were an era for Prince Andrei. A new feeling of bitterness against the enemy made him forget his grief. He was all devoted to the affairs of his regiment, he was caring about his people and officers and kindness to them. In the regiment they called him our prince, they were proud of him and loved him. But he was kind and meek only with his regiments, with Timokhin, etc., with people completely new and in a foreign environment, with people who could not know and understand his past; but as soon as he ran into one of his former, from the staff, he immediately bristled again; became spiteful, mocking and contemptuous. Everything that connected his memory with the past repulsed him, and therefore he tried in the relations of this former world only not to be unjust and to fulfill his duty. True, everything seemed to Prince Andrei in a dark, gloomy light - especially after they left Smolensk (which, in his opinion, could and should have been defended) on August 6, and after the sick father had to flee to Moscow and throw the Bald Hills so beloved, built and inhabited by them, to be plundered; but in spite of this, thanks to the regiment, Prince Andrey could think of another subject, completely independent of general questions - about his regiment. On August 10, the column, in which his regiment was, drew level with the Bald Mountains. Prince Andrey two days ago received news that his father, son and sister had left for Moscow. Although Prince Andrey had nothing to do in Bald Hills, he, with his characteristic desire to squander his grief, decided that he should stop by Lysye Gory. He ordered to saddle his horse and from the crossing rode on horseback to his father's village, in which he was born and spent his childhood. Driving past the pond, where dozens of women were always chatting, beating with rollers and rinsing their linen, Prince Andrey noticed that there was no one on the pond, and a torn raft, half-flooded with water, was floating sideways in the middle of the pond. Prince Andrew drove up to the gatehouse. There was no one at the stone gate of the entrance, and the door was unlocked. The garden paths were already overgrown, and the calves and horses were walking through the English park. Prince Andrew drove up to the greenhouse; the windows were broken, and some of the trees in tubs were knocked down, some were withered. He called out to Taras the gardener. Nobody responded. Turning around the greenhouse to the exhibition, he saw that the carved board fence was all broken and the plum fruit had been torn off with branches. An old peasant (Prince Andrey had seen him at the gate as a child) was sitting and weaving bast shoes on a green bench. He was deaf and did not hear the entrance of Prince Andrew. He was sitting on a bench, on which the old prince liked to sit, and beside him there was a little mark on the twigs of a broken and dried magnolia. Prince Andrew drove up to the house. Several lindens in the old garden had been cut down, and one horse with a skewbald colt walked in front of the house between the rose trees. The house was boarded up with shutters. One window at the bottom was open. The yard boy, seeing Prince Andrey, ran into the house. Alpatych, having sent his family, remained alone in the Bald Mountains; he sat at home and read the Life. Having learned about the arrival of Prince Andrey, he, with glasses on his nose, buttoning himself up, left the house, hurriedly went up to the Prince and, without saying anything, wept, kissing Prince Andrey on the knee. Then he turned with his heart to his weakness and began to report to him about the state of affairs. Everything valuable and dear was taken to Bogucharovo. Bread, up to one hundred quarters, was also taken out; hay and spring crops, extraordinary, as Alpatych said, this year's harvest was taken and mowed green by the troops. The peasants are ruined, some have also gone to Bogucharovo, a small part remains. Prince Andrey, without hearing him out, asked when his father and sister had left, meaning when they had left for Moscow. Alpatych answered, believing that they were asking about leaving for Bogucharovo, that they had left on the seventh, and again spread about the shares of the farm, asking for instructions. - Will you order the teams to release oats against receipt? We still have six hundred quarters left, - asked Alpatych. “What should I say to him? - thought Prince Andrey, looking at the bald head of the old man shining in the sun and reading in the expression on his face the consciousness that he himself understands the untimeliness of these questions, but asks only in such a way as to drown out his own grief. “Yes, let it go,” he said. - If you were pleased to notice the disturbances in the garden, - said Alpatych, - it was impossible to prevent: three regiments passed and spent the night, especially the dragoons. I wrote out the rank and rank of the commander for filing a petition. - Well, what are you going to do? Will you stay if the enemy takes it? Prince Andrey asked him. Alpatych, turning his face to Prince Andrey, looked at him; and suddenly, with a solemn gesture, he raised his hand up. - He is my patron, so be his will! He said. A crowd of peasants and servants walked through the meadow, with open heads, approaching Prince Andrey. - Well, goodbye! - said Prince Andrey, bending over to Alpatych. - Leave yourself, take away what you can, and the people were led to go to Ryazan or Moscow region. - Alpatych clung to his leg and sobbed. Prince Andrew carefully pushed him aside and, touching his horse, rode at a gallop down the alley. At the exhibition, the old man sat just as indifferently as a fly on the face of a dear dead man and tapped on a shoe of bast shoes, and two girls with plums in their skirts, which they picked from the greenhouse trees, fled from there and stumbled upon Prince Andrey. Seeing the young master, the older girl, with a frightened expression on her face, grabbed her smaller companion by the hand and with her hid behind a birch tree, not having time to pick up the scattered green plums. Prince Andrey hastily turned away from them in fright, afraid to let them notice that he had seen them. He felt sorry for this pretty frightened girl. He was afraid to look at her, but at the same time he wanted it irresistibly. A new, gratifying and reassuring feeling came over him when, looking at these girls, he realized the existence of other, completely alien to him and just as legitimate human interests as those that occupied him. These girls, obviously, longed for one thing - to carry away and eat up these green plums and not be caught, and Prince Andrey wished with them the success of their enterprise. He couldn't help but look at them again. Believing themselves already safe, they jumped out of the ambush and, for something food in thin voices, holding their skirts, merrily and quickly ran across the meadow grass with their tanned bare feet. Prince Andrey freshened himself up a little, having driven out of the dusty area of ​​the main road along which the troops were moving. But not far beyond the Bald Hills, he drove back onto the road and caught up with his regiment at a halt, at the dam of a small pond. It was two o'clock after noon. The sun, a red ball in the dust, was unbearably hot and burned my back through the black coat. The dust, still the same, stood motionless over the muttering of the halting troops. There was no wind, In the passage along the dam, Prince Andrew smelled of mud and the freshness of the pond. He wanted to go into the water - no matter how dirty it was. He looked back at the pond, from which shouts and laughter were heard. A small muddy pond with greenery, apparently, had risen by two quarters, filling the dam, because it was full of human, soldier's, naked white bodies floundering in it, with brick-red hands, faces and necks. All this naked, white human flesh with laughter and boom floundered in this dirty puddle, like crucians stuffed into a watering can. This floundering echoed with merriment, and that is why it was especially sad. One young blond soldier — Prince Andrey knew him — of the third company, with a strap under his calf, crossing himself, stepped back to take a good run and plunge into the water; another, black, always shaggy non-commissioned officer, waist-deep in water, twitching his muscular waist, snorted happily, pouring his black hands over his head. There was a spanking on each other, and a squeal, and a hoot. On the banks, on the dam, in the pond, there was white, healthy, muscular meat everywhere. Officer Timokhin, with a red nose, wiped himself off on the dam and was ashamed when he saw the prince, but decided to turn to him: - That is good, your Excellency, you would have deigned! - he said. “Dirty,” said Prince Andrew, wincing. - We'll clean it up for you now. - And Timokhin, not yet dressed, ran to clean. - The prince wants. - Which? Our prince? - spoke the voices, and everyone was in a hurry so that Prince Andrey could not calm them down. He came up with a better shower in the barn. “Meat, body, chair a canon [cannon fodder]! - he thought, looking at his naked body, and shuddering not so much from the cold as from his own incomprehensible disgust and horror at the sight of this huge number of bodies rinsing in a dirty pond. On August 7, Prince Bagration in his parking lot Mikhailovka on the Smolensk road wrote the following: “Dear sir, Count Alexey Andreevich. (He wrote to Arakcheev, but he knew that his letter would be read by the sovereign, and therefore, as far as he was able to do so, he considered his every word.) I think that the minister has already reported on the abandonment of Smolensk to the enemy. It hurts, it is sad, and the whole army is in despair that the most important place was in vain abandoned. I, for my part, asked him personally in the most convincing way, and finally wrote; but nothing agreed. I swear to you on my honor that Napoleon was in such a sack as never before, and he could have lost half of his army, but not take Smolensk. Our troops have fought and are fighting as never before. I held on with 15 thousand for more than 35 hours and beat them; but he didn’t want to stay even 14 o'clock. It is a shame, and the stain of our army; and he himself, it seems to me, should not even live in the world. If he reports that the loss is great, it is not true; maybe about 4 thousand, no more, but not even that. At least ten, how to be, war! But the enemy lost the abyss ...

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Ancient Rome was a powerful state that occupied large areas. In order to control everything and keep the lands in subjection, it was necessary not only to act by force, but also to have an advanced financial system. With its introduction to the newly conquered lands, it was more difficult for the people to separate from the Romans. In this article, we will take a closer look at the coins that were in use in ancient Rome.

Bronze coins of Rome

Ass

This coin first appeared during the period of the Republic, although, according to legends, Servius Tullius began to mint it. The weight of the ass was 11 grams and the diameter was 28 mm. Interestingly, before the appearance of this coin, ingots of raw copper were in use.

There was 2 types of this coin: imperial and naval. The nautical ass was used only for the payment of salaries to sailors. These coins were minted under the supervision of the prefects of the fleet.

On obverse Janus was depicted, and on the reverse was written the name of the city where the coin was created, the denomination and the ship was depicted. The imperial ass contained an image of the emperor on the obverse, and on the reverse there were the emperor's monogram and the colonnade. Various abbreviations were also often carved.

Today the price of such a coin is about $ 300.

Semis

Another bronze ancient Roman coin, which cost ½ ass. The weight of the monetary unit was 3.88 grams, and the diameter was 18 mm. The coin was established during the time of the Republic, and abolished under the Emperor Hadrian.

On one side of the semis was a bust of Saturn, and on the other was a portrait of the emperor. During the time of the Republic, Saturn was depicted on both sides and the denomination was symbolized by the Latin letter "S".

To replenish your collection with such a coin, you need to pay price from 60 to 80 dollars.

Triens

This coin had a value of 1/3 ass or 4 ounces. Four dots on either side indicated 4 ounces were being charged for it. This coin weighed 10.58 grams, and the size was 23-24 mm.

She had on obverse the image of the emperor, but during the period of the Republic it depicted Minevra. On the reverse there is the bow of the galley, when it comes to sea money, or the colonnade with the monogram of the emperor. It was on the reverse that the denomination of the coin was always written.

Today the market has an average trience cost is 50-80 USD. Although, there are examples in good condition, the price of which goes up to $ 120.

Quadrans

Quadrans is one of the smallest bronze coins in Roman use. It cost ¼ ass.

Outwardly, it had the shape of an irregular circle. On obverse it was written "SC", which stood for the denomination "Senatus Consulto", and there was also a circular inscription. Reverse contained two hands in the form of a handshake and a circular inscription in Latin.

It is worth noting that this coin disappeared from use in the 2nd century. Throughout the history of its existence, not only bronze was used, but also copper and silver. Therefore, the average cost today is difficult to determine. However, regardless of the metal, all the coins had a weight of 3.3-3.5 grams and a diameter of 17-19 mm. If we talk about bronze coins, then their approximate price USD 20-70.

Sextans

This coin cost 1/6 of the ass, which is clear from the name. It weighed 2.85 grams and was about 15 mm in diameter. The denomination on the coin is depicted as 2 circles, which means 2 ounces. Sextans first appeared during the Republic, and disappeared with the collapse of the Roman Empire.

On obverse various pictures were minted: animals, images of people, shells and much more. A dotted decorative border is located around the entire circle of the coin. Only in the 3rd century did the image of Mercury appear here.

On the reverse depicted the bow of the galley or the inscription "ROMA". Sextant costs about 50 US dollars on the modern market. There are copies that sell for $ 10-12.

Ounce

Ounce is the smallest a common coin in the Roman Empire.

Outwardly she not much different from sextant, only its size was 8 mm, and its weight was 1.5 grams. Quite a few ounces have survived to this day, but despite this, price they are quite low in the modern market. The average price per coin is $ 10-18.

Silver coins of Rome

Double denarius or Antoninian

It was the most expensive silver coin in ancient Rome. It weighed at various times from 11 to 15 grams, and the diameter was 27-30 mm.

There were various images on the coin. They could be animals or plants, or they could be deities. On the reverse, as a rule, the profile of the emperor or the emperor on horseback was depicted. A lot of double denarii in good condition have survived to this day. Therefore their price low enough. On average, such a coin can be purchased for $ 50.

Denarius

Denarius - the most common coin in ancient Rome. It was used in foreign and domestic trade transactions. It was first minted in 268 AD. The denarius symbol is the designation "X, X". This symbol is explained by the fact that 1 denarius was equal to 10 assam.

Initially, the weight of this coin was 4.5 grams, but in the future it periodically changed to a smaller side.

Outwardly denarius it looked like this: the obverse depicted the emperor with a laurel wreath on his head, there was an inscription in Latin in a circle; the reverse contained images of Roman gods. It was on the reverse that there was a mark about the denomination of the coin. Today, denarii are sold on the market for $ 120-150. If the copy is in excellent condition, then the price may exceed $ 200.

Double Victorian and Victorian

These silver coins were worth 20 asses and 10 asses, respectively. They were used more in foreign trade. They appeared in 269 as a result of another financial reform.

On obverse Jupiter was depicted, and on the reverse Victoria, from which the name of the coin came. The double victoriats weighed 6 grams, and the victoriats weighed 3 grams. However, they existed for a relatively short time. These coins completely supplanted denarii from circulation, which were more popular with merchants.

Today buy double victoria you can for 100-120 US dollars, and the victoria is about 100 dollars. The preservation of coins is generally quite good, as silver is a wear-resistant material.

Quinarium

Quinarius cost 5 aces and was not very popular with merchants. However, this coin has been minted for almost 5 centuries. 1 quinarius weighed about 1.5 grams, and the diameter was 15 mm.

The denomination of this coin was indicated on the reverse by the sign V or V. Also on the reverse the goddess Victoria was depicted, and on obverse portrait of the emperor. It is interesting that it was in these coins that the salaries of the Roman legionaries were paid.

To add a quinarius to your collection, you need to pay price about $ 70. Shipping costs are usually also borne by the buyer.

Sestertius

This coin cost only 2 ass and was made of silver for a long time, but after the emperor Augustus it was minted from brass.

The denomination was designated "IIS". On obverse depicted the ancient Roman god, and on the reverse The emperor was minted. On both sides there was a small decorative border, but due to technological features, it was not around the entire circle of the coin. Each such coin weighed approximately 11 grams and had a diameter of 24-26 mm.

Today average price on the market for sesterces is $ 180.

Semi-victorious

Semi-victorious is smallest silver coin Ancient Rome.

On it, unlike the victoria, on obverse depicted Apollo, on the reverse there was a portrait of the emperor. This coin cost ½ a denarius and the letter "S" was used to designate the denomination. Today his price is approximately $ 140.

Gold coins of Rome

Golden denarius or aureus

On obverse, as a rule, the image of the emperor was minted without any inscriptions, and on the reverse there was the goddess Victoria. It is interesting that the first such coins were made only of high-grade gold, but over the 500 years of their existence, the quality of raw materials has noticeably decreased, as well as the value of the coins themselves. This was due to the ongoing financial reforms and devaluations.

Today purchase a golden denarius you can for 10-12 thousand US dollars. Although, there are copies that cost up to $ 18,000.

Sesterces

Sesterces were very popular gold coins. They have had denominations 60, 40 and 20... These banknotes were used to pay the salaries of the Roman commanders in chief, as well as to carry out external trade settlements. Most of these coins were propaganda in nature.

They depicted emperors who accept the surrender of recalcitrant peoples or suppress an uprising. On the other side, the profile of the emperor with a laurel wreath on his head was minted. On most of the coins, the overlords looked to the right.

All golden sisters are different high quality and detailed drawing of the pattern... Sixty sesterces weighed about 25 grams, 40 sesterces weighed about 20 grams and 20 sesterces weighed 19.5 grams. The diameter of the coins varied from 32 mm to 41 mm.

To buy such coins today, you need to pay quite a lot. average price the market is about $ 10,000. However, samples of average quality may sell for 7-8 thousand dollars.

Golden quinarius

Another ancient Roman gold coin. It was small and light, so it was used to pay salaries to soldiers... This coin was easy to store and carry. Its size and weight were the same as that of the silver quinarius, but the value was much higher. 2 gold quinarii were equated to one aureus.

To buy such a coin today, you need to pay price 5-7 thousand dollars.

In the biblical stories about Jesus Christ, banknotes of the time when the Savior lived among people are mentioned more than once. These prosaic details of the Gospel narrative very clearly show that sacred history is closely intertwined with the earthly chronicle. Of all the fragments where the names of money appear, one is especially noteworthy - it not only contains the name of the coin, but also contains its description. This is an episode where the Pharisees ask Christ to answer the question - should the Jews pay taxes to the Roman emperor? He, having asked to bring a denarius and having specified whose image was on it, uttered a phrase that became winged: "Give what is Caesar's to Caesar, and to God - God's."

This gospel quote can often be heard in the meaning of "to each his own", however, its meaning is much deeper. To comprehend all the subtleties of this expression became possible thanks to the development of biblical numismatics - a historical discipline that studies ancient coins associated with sacred history. In the past one and a half hundred years, many discoveries have been made in this science thanks to active archaeological research in Israel. According to the head of the numismatics department of the Israel Antiquities Authority, Donald Ariel, in the extensive collection of ancient coins found by archaeologists during this time, there are the same evangelical denarii with the image of Caesar.

Expert comment:

Denarius, translated from Latin - consisting of ten. This was the name of the Roman silver coin, first minted in 268 BC and existed for four and a half centuries. Throughout history, the appearance of these banknotes has changed several times - each ruler commanded to imprint his image on the coins. This tradition was connected, among other things, with the fact that in pagan Rome it was customary to place religious symbols on money, such as the portrait of the emperor, since he was declared a deity during his lifetime.

The denarius of Caesar among historians-numismatists is considered to be a coin issued during the reign of the emperor Tiberius - it was he who occupied the Roman throne during the earthly life of Christ. On the obverse of this banknote, the profile of the emperor and the inscription "Tiberius Caesar Augustus, son of the divine Augustus" are minted. The reverse depicts a seated female figure. It is believed that this is the widowed mother of Tiberius, Livia Drusilla, who also bore the imperial title.

The time described in the Gospel was not easy for Judea - by this time the country had lost the status of a kingdom and became a Roman province. The Jews were burdened with the obligation to pay taxes to the Roman emperor. A poll tax was introduced in the country, which many Jews perceived as compulsion to religious worship of a pagan ruler.

The Pharisees were especially dissatisfied with this situation - representatives of the religious movement in Judaism, insisting on the careful execution of all rituals and traditions. And when the Pharisees addressed their question to Christ as to whether it was permissible for a believer to pay a tax to Caesar, they set up a trap for him, which, it seemed, could not be avoided. If Jesus had answered in the affirmative, this could be interpreted not only as an unpatriotic position, but also as a call to idolatry. A negative answer would look like incitement to disobey the authorities. Both the Pharisees could easily turn against Christ. However, they had no idea how wise the Savior's rebuke would be. Its depth was shown already in the very request to show the Roman coin.