What are the best old maps to use to find coins. Designation on Mende cards How to read old Mende cards

Buyan-field - A flat, elevated place, open from all sides
Vzlobok - A small steep hill.
Veres - Juniper.
Volok (Drag) - Forest or forest clearing
Vspole - Edge of the field, pasture.
Vyselok (Vys.) - A small village, mostly owner-occupied, located near single-patrimonial villages.
Vyaschshiy - The largest, highest, high.
City (G.) - A fortified or walled village. Management status assigned to a volost, county or provincial in relation to other settlements.
Mane - An oblong hill covered with forest.
Village - A village without a church, whose inhabitants are predominantly peasants of various departments and live without a landowner.
Hand - Right hand.
Dresva - Coarse sand.
Zapan - Backwater or river bay.
Zasek (Zas.) - Defensive structure. It was a combination of forest dead fences, an earthen rampart and a moat with prisons and separate fortresses. The fortifications served as defensive lines, protecting against the raids of the Golden Horde, who systematically robbed and destroyed Russian cities and villages and drove the population into captivity, as well as to protect roads.
Zybun (Zyb.) - A bog, an impassable (dead) place.
Koshevnik - Firewood rafted down the river.
Cumulus sands (Kuch.) - Accumulations of loose sand around bushes and shrubs ... Height 30-50 cm, less often up to 1-2 m. In some places they consist of gravel. They usually form in areas with close groundwater - on salt marshes, on the coasts of lakes, seas and rivers.
Lyady meadow - Worthless, bad meadow.
Monastery, monastery (Mon.) - They make up various types of monastic hostels, of which the latter sometimes coincide in their meaning with graveyards or estates of a spiritual department.
Myza (m. or Myza) - If it is owned, then for the most part it is near one-patrimonial villages, or it has the meaning of a manor at a plant and factory, if it belongs to persons of taxable estates.
Myanda - Pine.
Novina - Cleared, but not plowed land in the forest.
Dump (Rev.) - An embankment of waste rocks, slag, formed during the development of minerals.
Touchstone - Touchstone Vlad. wasteland, a place abandoned by the inhabitants; fallow, deposit. Obselok, Oblesye, Obselok or obselye, psk. hard. newly populated place, settlement, new settlements, settlements.
Oselye - Oselye is akin to the outskirts, the land around the village.
Perekop - Ditch.
Chaff - Weed
Pogost (Pogost or Pogost) - Has a church and a population consisting of clergy and clergy. The word churchyard comes from the word guest. The place where the merchants traded was called the churchyard. With the adoption of Christianity, churches began to be erected at churchyards. In 15-16 centuries. graveyards begin to die off, hence the word graveyard has a second meaning - a lonely standing church.
Podsek (Pod.) - A cleared place in the forest.
Disgrace - Review, look.
Midnight - North.
Posad (P. or Pos.) - The order of the huts or a number of houses. A settled settlement located outside a city or fortress.
Pochinok, village and farm (Poch.) - The same as a settlement. Farms, however, often have the meaning of estates due to their agricultural character. New settlements that appeared on the first uplifted site were called pochinkas. When one or two others appeared with the original courtyard in repair, it became a village.
Wasteland (Empty) - The village turned into a wasteland if there were no residential yards left in it and arable land was abandoned.
Settlement - A large village or settlement where there is more than one church.
Village (S.) - A village with a church, which has residents mainly from peasants of different departments.
Seltso (Sel.) - A village of an exclusively proprietary nature with a master's house and various proprietary institutions, or a village in which a landowner lives with peasants or several landowners. It may also have the name of a village that was formerly a village.
Sloboda, Forshtat (Slob.) - A village with more than one church, a settlement outside a city or fortress.
Terniye - Thorny bush
Manor (Us.) - They are of two kinds. The manors of the spiritual department are similar to churchyards in terms of the nature of the population. Owner's estates differ either in their agricultural character or as the location of landowners at a factory or factory
Shuytsa - Left hand.
Church land (CL) - Land allotment belonging to a church parish or monastery

I think there is no need to tell how important cards are in finding coins and treasures. The success of most events depends on their presence or absence. If in the old days a simple desire to get out into the fields was enough, now the situation has changed radically. All more or less well-known tracts, and what's there, even completely lost in the forests and steppes, turned out to be quite thoroughly cleaned for ancient finds.
To keep adding to your collection, or just to enjoy the cop, you have to show more and more remarkable abilities in the field of finding untrodden places. In this case, the most important role is played by the cards of bygone centuries.

Currently, many of them are available to anyone, but as the advertisement says, they are not all equally useful. Yes, this is true, most of them are only suitable for planning trips to broken places.

Below we will describe what cards are, reveal their features and characterize them in terms of usefulness in business.

General Land Survey Plan - PGM (1780-1830)

Topographic materials began to be actively created under Peter I, at which time a large number of geographical atlases of the empire saw the light. During the reign of Catherine II, these works were continued. They, like Peter's, also did not differ in particular accuracy, but, nevertheless, they nevertheless transmitted the necessary and necessary information.

It was under Catherine the Great that the process of mass land surveying began. Its essence was as follows - the entire territory of the country was divided into counties, which, in turn, consisted of the so-called dacha plans, which were nothing more than plots of owners (allots) with confirmed rights to them and established boundaries. All of them received numbers, for their decoding, an additional Economic note was later issued to the survey plans.
These publications can hardly be called maps, because. they are still far from accurate and are more like diagrams-drawings. But still, from them you can get a lot of useful information on the emergence or existence of a particular settlement in those days.

Maps of Mende (1849-1866)

The name of these, and subsequently many other maps, was given by the names of the people who made the greatest contribution to their development and creation. All of them relied on and had the basis of publications created under Catherine and Paul I, it was on these initiatives that the further development of the so necessary was carried out, in primarily military, modern maps.
The new realities of that time revealed the need to create more accurate and detailed maps than the existing Military Road 40-verst editions. Taking the PGM as a basis and conducting large-scale cartographic surveys, military topographers under the leadership of A.I. Mende set about creating new detailed editions.

In total, two varieties of them were released.:

- one-verst, scale 1 inch is equal to 1 verst or 1cm is equal to 420m

- two-verst, scale in 1 inch 2 versts or 1cm 840m.

Such detailed publications appeared in 8 provinces, although surveys of the area were carried out in 21 provinces for 17 years.

provinces

1 and 2 versts - Tver, Vladimir, Ryazan, Penza, Simbirsk and Tambov.
1 verst - Nizhny Novgorod and Penza.

Schubert Maps (1860-1870)

Under the leadership of F.F. Schubert, who headed the Corps of Military Topographers in the early 19th century, a 10-verst map of the Western part of the Russian Empire on 60 sheets was created. But it, like the border 4 and 5 verst, was not very convenient, so soon work began on another.
A new map - three-versts was created first under the leadership of Major General P. A. Tuchkov (until 1851), and then work continued with the participation of Schubert. The period of its creation covers the second half of the 19th century, starting from 1846.
The scale is 3 versts in 1 inch or 1260 m in 1 cm.

The main part of the work was done before 1863 (435 sheets), further work was not suspended (in 1886 - 508 sheets), but basically it was reduced to supplementing and clarifying previous editions.
They turned out to contain cartographic material for all the provinces of the European part of the empire (with the exception of Moscow) and part of the adjacent territories (Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova and the Baltic states).
This map is distinguished by good detailing, showing the type of relief and the nature of the terrain: forest, swamp, rivers and streams, bridges, crossings, etc. All significant objects are placed on it, ranging from schemes of cities to villages with an indication of the number of courtyards, churches, mills, field and forest roads.

When using these materials, it is worth remembering two important features:

1) The accuracy of the designation of various objects has some error, for example, for the most significant it can be from 50 to 200m, for others - from 100 to 500m, and sometimes more.

2) When designating villages, it was customary to subdivide them by size using font, the names of large villages (20 or more households) were written in normal font, small villages and farms in italics.

Strelbitsky Maps

Starting from 1865, I.A. Strelbitsky, who at that time was part of the military topographic department at the General Staff, was instructed to update and supplement the Special Map of the European part of Russia. Under his leadership, work continued from 1865 to 1871. The publication consisted of 178 sheets, covered the provinces located in the center of the country, as well as parts of the adjacent western and southern territories.

Scale: 10 versts in 1 inch or 4200m in 1 cm.

In the future, it was she who served as the basis for the creation of such publications until the middle of the 20th century.

Red Army

These cards bear the abbreviated name of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army. These works have been published since the 1920s. Of course, for the most part they were based on publications issued before the revolution of 1917 (mostly layouts were used) and covered primarily the Western regions of the country. They were printed in the period from 1925 to 1941. The scale is from 250m to 5km.

They were produced with a number of additions and improvements, so they were actively used during the Second World War.
These maps are characterized by very clear detail and detail, they display all the roads, including the smallest ones, settlements with an indication of the number of courtyards, and other objects of interest from the point of view of military tactics. The vast majority of the sheets are made in color, but there are also black and white versions.
Their usefulness is certainly high, in view of the fact that many villages disappeared immediately or some time after the end of the war.

General Staff

From the name it is clear that they were produced for military needs, although they were also used by other services, for example, geodetic, topographic, geological, etc. These include editions released after the Second World War, which are again improved and modified previous maps. All of them have the same shape - the territory is divided into sheets, each of them, in turn, is divided into squares.
Initially, they were considered secret and it was almost impossible to get them in Soviet times. Now many (not all) of them are available for use.
Taking into account the fact that the General Staff has a much smaller error with respect to the grid of coordinates, it makes sense to use them (in the absence of old ones) to search for tracts and plan travel routes.

The scale of such maps is the most diverse, ranging from 500 meters to 10 kilometers.

In addition to the above maps, of course, there are many other interesting ones. For example, in the 19th century, many provinces published their own - vicegerent maps, and many search engines also enjoyed great success with German (KDWR), Polish (WIG), which, in fact, are redrawn Russian layouts.

All maps can be used literally, so to speak, but if you can find at least something on the Soviet General Staff (at least the villages that existed after the war), then it’s much more difficult to do this on milestones, they require reference to the terrain. This is done using special programs, and then the already processed materials are loaded into the navigator.

Surveys of the area made tens and even hundreds of years ago are the history of our country. They will provide invaluable assistance not only to amateurs, but also to those who simply love to travel, study their land, its origin and development, and simply those who simply want to know the origin of their kind.

In this article, you will learn what abbreviations and symbols were used on old maps of Mende.
Mende Alexander Ivanovich for 17 years he conducted surveys and created topographic maps of some Russian provinces on a scale of 1 inch = 1 verst or 1 cm = 420 m; 1inch=2versts or 1cm=840m

Abbreviations on the map

Buyan field- Flat elevated place, open from all sides
vzlobok- A small steep hill.
Veres- Juniper.
Volok (Drag)- Forest or forest clearing
Vspole- Edge of the field, pasture.
Vyselok (High)- A small village, mostly owner-occupied, located near one-patrimonial villages.
Vyaschshiy- The greatest, the highest, the highest.
City (G.)- A fortified or walled village. Management status assigned to a volost, county or provincial in relation to other settlements.
Mane- An oblong hill, overgrown with forest.
Village- A village without a church, whose inhabitants are predominantly peasants of various departments and live without a landowner.
Right hand- Right hand.
Dresva- Coarse sand.
Zapan- Backwater or river bay.
Zasek (Zas.)- Defensive building. It was a combination of forest dead fences, an earthen rampart and a moat with prisons and separate fortresses. The fortifications served as defensive lines, protecting against the raids of the Golden Horde, who systematically robbed and destroyed Russian cities and villages and drove the population into captivity, as well as to protect roads.
Zybun (Zyb.)- A quagmire, an impassable (dead) place.
Koshevnik- Firewood rafted down the river.
Cumulus sands (Kuch.)- Accumulations of loose sand around bushes and shrubs ... Height 30-50 cm, less often up to 1-2 m. In some places they consist of gravel. They usually form in areas with close groundwater - on salt marshes, on the coasts of lakes, seas and rivers.
Lying Meadow- Worthless, bad meadow.
Monastery, monastery (Mon.)- They make up various types of monastic hostels, of which the latter sometimes coincide in their meaning with graveyards or estates of a spiritual department.
Myza (m. or Myza)- If it is owner-occupied, then for the most part it is near one-patrimonial villages, or it has the meaning of a manor at a plant and a factory, if it belongs to persons of taxable estates.
Myanda- Pine.
novelty- Cleared, but not plowed land in the forest.
Dump (Rep.)- An embankment of waste rocks, slag, formed during the development of minerals.
Touchstone- Oselok Vlad. wasteland, a place abandoned by the inhabitants; fallow, deposit. Obselok, Oblesye, Obselok or obselye, psk. hard. newly populated place, settlement, new settlements, settlements.
osselier- Osele is akin to the outskirts, the land around the village.
Perekop- Rov.
Chaff- Weed
Pogost (Pogost or Pogost)- Has a church and a population consisting of clergy and clergy. The word churchyard comes from the word guest. The place where the merchants traded was called the churchyard. With the adoption of Christianity, churches began to be erected at churchyards. In 15-16 centuries. graveyards begin to die off, hence the word graveyard has a second meaning - a lonely standing church.
Undercut (Under.)- A cleared place in the forest.
disgrace- Review, look.
Midnight- North.
Posad (P. or Pos.)- The order of the huts or a number of houses. A settled settlement located outside a city or fortress.
Pochinok, settlement and farm (Poch.)- The same as the settlement. Farms, however, often have the meaning of estates due to their agricultural character. New settlements that appeared on the first uplifted site were called pochinkas. When one or two others appeared with the original courtyard in repair, it became a village.
Wasteland (Empty)- The village turned into a wasteland if there were no residential yards left in it and arable land was abandoned.
Settlement- A large village or settlement where there is more than one church.
Village (S.)- A village with a church, which has residents mainly from peasants of different departments.
Village (Village)- A settlement of an exclusively proprietary nature with a master's house and various establishments, or a settlement in which a landowner lives with peasants or several landowners. It may also have the name of a village that was formerly a village.
Sloboda, Forshtat (Slob.)- A settlement with more than one church, a settlement outside a city or fortress.
thorns- thorn bush
Homestead (Us.)- They are of two kinds. The estates of the spiritual department are similar to churchyards in terms of the nature of the population. Owner's estates differ either in their agricultural character or as the location of landowners at a factory or factory
Schuetz- Left hand.
Church land (ZZ)- Land allotment belonging to a church parish or monastery
If you don't know what the abbreviation on the map is, read our dictionary

They are a source of invaluable information. But the study of old maps and their search often causes many difficulties and questions. In this article, we will try to answer some of them.

The principle of studying old topographic maps is simple: you need to try to find as many of them as possible for the area under study and compare the found old maps with the corresponding modern topographic maps to identify any changes. Nowadays, it is not necessary to go to the library or archive in search of old maps. Electronic copies of most topographic maps can be easily found in various electronic libraries and websites. But, nevertheless, sometimes finding an old map is quite a challenge, especially if you are looking for detailed maps, for example, old county maps at a scale of 1 or 2 versts in English inches.

Before you start looking for old maps of the territory you are exploring, you need to know that:

1) Topography, a relatively young science. The compilation of detailed topographic maps of the provinces and districts of the Russian Empire began in the early 19th century. Therefore, one should not waste time looking for detailed topographic maps from the 18th century and earlier.

2) First of all, topographic surveys were carried out in the border areas of the Empire and its densely populated central regions. Therefore, it is very difficult to find old maps of the northern, eastern and other sparsely populated territories of our country.

3) Provinces and regions have undergone significant territorial changes over the centuries. Therefore, it is extremely important to study the history of the area you are researching, while it is necessary to find the answer to the question: which counties and provinces (regions) included this territory and in what years?

Start by exploring the territory under study by viewing small-scale maps and atlases of the Russian Empire, for example:

If, after reading the historical information about the province, you could not establish which county the territory under study belongs to, then by superimposing the above maps on modern ones you can always find out.

Now, after we have found out which county and province the territory we studied was part of, we can start searching for detailed maps.

What are old cards?

During the 19th century, topographic surveys of almost the entire territory of the European part of the Russian Empire were carried out, as a result of which detailed topographic maps were compiled that are best suited for your research. Finding such old maps will not cause difficulties, since a huge number of Internet sites sell them or give the right to download them for free. A number of such cards are also presented on our website. Let's list some of them.

General Survey Plans

The oldest among the detailed maps are. Plans for general land surveying were drawn up on a scale of 1-2 versts in the English inch in the period from 1766 to 1861. During this period, plans were drawn up for 35 provinces. Basically, these are the central regions of our country. Plans were drawn without a single mathematical basis, they do not have a grid of coordinates. Therefore, despite their detailed scale, working with these maps is the most difficult, and in some places their quality leaves much to be desired.

Maps of Mende

General survey plans served as the basis for other old maps. These are the so-called Mende maps, named after Lieutenant General Alexander Ivanovich Mende, who led the joint topographic surveys of the boundary department and the corps of military topographers in the period from 1849 to 1866. Based on the survey results, boundary atlases and maps of eight provinces of the Russian Empire were published: Tver, Ryazan, Tambov, Vladimir, Yaroslavl, Simbirsk, Nizhny Novgorod and Penza provinces. Maps of Mende, as well as plans for general surveying, were drawn up on a scale of 1 or 2 versts in the English inch, but unlike them, they have a grid of coordinates and are more accurate.

Military topographic maps

Among the old maps, a special place is occupied by military topographic maps. It should be noted that in Russia in the 19th century, direct field (topographic) surveys were carried out by officers of the Corps of Military Topographers, and the collection, storage and publication of maps was carried out by the Military Topographic Depot. With this procedure, it was possible to achieve systematic topographic surveys, built on a scientific basis (on a network of reference geodetic points). Therefore, military topographic maps are distinguished by their uniformity, accuracy and their detail.

The following military topographic maps are most famous:

• Two-verst topographic map of the Moscow province. It is based on topographic instrumental surveys of the Moscow province, carried out by officers of the Corps of military topographers in 1838-1839 and 1852-1853. The map was published on 40 sheets on a scale of 2 versts per inch.
• Three-verst military topographic map, which covers almost all the provinces of the European part of Russia, with the exception of Moscow and has more than 600 sheets. Despite the fact that the lieutenant general did not participate in the compilation and publication of this map, novice researchers of old maps mistakenly call it the Schubert map.
• Schubert's ten-verst map ().
• Strelbitsky map. In connection with the outdated data of the Schubert map, in the middle of the 19th century there was an urgent need for a more detailed and modern map of the European part of Russia. Therefore, in November 1865, the compilation and engraving of a new special map of all European Russia began, already under the editorship of the General Staff of Captain Strelbitsky. The new one was a huge cartographic publication on 152 sheets and covered much more than half of all of Europe.

Old maps of the Asian part of Russia

As you may have noticed, among the above topographic maps there are no detailed old maps of the Asian part of Russia. This is due, firstly, to the fact that these territories were sparsely populated and studied, and, secondly, they were removed from the Western borders of the Empire and therefore were of no interest to the Military Topographic Depot, whose main goal was to provide reliable maps military ministry.

Therefore, for many territories of the Asian part of Russia, maps on a scale of 20 versts per inch or more are the only old maps, such as:

• General map of Western Siberia with the Kirghiz steppe, 1848

Nevertheless, for some parts of the Asian part of Russia, there are more detailed old maps:

• Road map along the rivers of Western Siberia: Ture, Tobol, Irtysh, Ob and Tom, 1884

Other old maps of provinces and districts of the Russian Empire

In addition to the listed topographic maps, which are widely distributed on the Internet, there are other old maps that you can use in your work. Such maps were compiled in order to meet the needs of various government organizations: the postal department, provincial statistical bureaus, provincial zemstvos, and others. The search for such old maps is especially difficult, since they are not mentioned in all catalogs and reference books, so most often the discovery of such maps occurs randomly in various historical sources. For example, as attachments, old maps are available in some lists of populated places, military reviews and other statistical publications.

The following old maps are an example:

• Postal map of Asiatic Russia and Siberia, published in 1871 by the postal department.

  1872. The publication contains a description of all the topographic and cartographic works carried out by the corps of military topographers.

  On our site you can Russian Empire.

  Good luck with your research!

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Website business card

Why did we create this project... Strange as it may seem, but all "sites", "projects" are created for almost one purpose - this is "traffic". There are many areas of Internet projects such as "contextual" sites, "video-photo" hosting, "galleries", "catalogs", "file" services, "clouds" of files, "forum" projects, etc. We were also not spared - this is a side. The same interest in traffic, that is, in "visitors". After all, all Internet "traffic" is "I, you, and we are with you", these are "people" people of the planet (who have access to the Internet) in our language. We have a "create" interest, you have a "search" interest. The Internet is based on this, some create "sites - projects", others are looking for "useful information for themselves." This topic is not new for a long time, but it is our "hobby". And that's why we decided to open a "such-and-such" project for ourselves, it has already become dear to us. After all, "treasure hunting" is like a "drug" addictive and hard to escape. Interest is constantly growing, and with each find you give an answer to your questions "yes, not in vain, not in vain." And you rejoice like a child, even if you just found a "farm heel". And the most important thing is that any "digger" has at least a "small" but "the very only" hope. For us, this is not a job, it's really a "hobby", we go out in search in our free time from work and family. Although if you figure out the time "free" no? We just run away from home under any pretext, just like children, sometimes we are ashamed in front of our beloved. Nothing can stop us, we just say that we have a rest... :) Sometimes you walk around the fields, abandoned farms all day long, the water is over, and you have one thing on your mind, "well, one more coin and all". And behind this "one" is another, and so on. You arrive in the evening tired but satisfied, show the booty (a bunch of coins and various junk) and she answers you "are you sick, how old are you?". Well, as in the joke "the husband returns from fishing with a crucian carp in his hand, and his wife is like bangs a frying pan on the head." But not everything is so bad, because now we have a "bunch" of interesting and beautiful coins that will remain for our descendants ... We decided to divide our project "treasure hunter" into different categories. The first category is the "context-file" part, where you can read or download text information about the "treasure hunt" and download from the "file hosting" or from the "cloud" the map of "tsarist Russia" you need. The second category is the "video catalog", we linked it to the "YouTube" hosting, where we post our video reviews of the finds. The third category is the "forum part", its idea is to communicate between "numismatists", "diggers", "collectors" and those who are simply interested in people, where you can find out more "broad" information about your find, as well as sell or buy interesting "coin". The fourth category is a "photo catalog" of our finds, where you can see and copy a "high-quality" photo of our cops, plus a photo of rare coins on the planet with a description of each coin, including our finds. The fifth category is the "catalogue - prices" in which it will be possible to know at least approximately the "price of the coin", although the true price, when there is a buyer for it. This is how we share our "hobby" and give information to others who want to do it - this is not an easy, but rather pleasant thing. Good luck to everyone, find the one...

The gambling hobby is contagious

we are in search of our dreams, in the hope of digging out oblivion ...

Enjoy your visit to our site!

Treasure - money or valuable items buried in the ground or otherwise hidden, the owner of which is unknown and cannot be found, or has lost the right to them. According to article 233 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the discovered treasure is divided equally between the finder and the owner of the land (building, construction) where it was found. However, the treasure hunter and the owner of the land can agree in advance on other proportions of the division of the treasure. If the treasure hunter has not received the consent of the owner of the land (building) where the treasure was subsequently discovered, then the treasure is completely transferred to the owner of the land (building). In the case when the items contained in the treasure are of cultural value, they are transferred to the state. The state pays for them a reward in the amount of half the value of the found treasure. This amount is divided between the treasure hunter and the owner of the land (building) as described above. People hired to search for treasure, as well as those for whom searching for treasures are part of their professional duties (for example, archaeologists), are not treasure hunters and cannot claim the treasure. In ancient times, a person who found a treasure buried in the ground became its owner if the treasure was not located in a foreign land. Some Roman emperors demanded the transfer of the found treasure to the treasury in whole or in part. After Nero's expeditions for treasures, Adrian restored the ancient custom, according to which a treasure found in one's own land cannot be taken away by anyone, but one found in a foreign land should be divided between its owner and the finder of the treasure. According to British law, the discovered treasure belongs to the state; the finder is obliged to report the treasure to the state authorities within 14 days, and failure to report entails criminal liability. The state can pay monetary compensation established by independent experts (usually equally to the treasure hunter and the owner of the land), or return the treasure to the treasure hunter. In the United States, hoard legislation varies greatly between states. In most states, treasure found on private land usually belongs to the finder; in other states (for example, in Idaho and Tennessee), the treasure always belongs to the owner of the land; and in Louisiana the treasure is divided equally between the treasure hunter and the landowner. A hoard over a century old found on federal land is considered an archaeological treasure and belongs to the federal authorities. A treasure hunter is a person who is looking for treasures (not only buried, but simply hidden in some way, or rather hidden). Treasure hunters are people who are engaged in this craft, both professionally and as a hobby. Archaeologists are not treasure hunters, because the search for treasures and treasures is not their direct responsibility, but rather it is a by-product of their activity. Treasure hunting is the purposeful actions of a person, as a result of which he finds a treasure (if this goal is achieved). At the same time, a person must set in advance his immediate goal of finding the treasure. For this reason, archaeologists are not treasure hunters. Another type of treasure is considered to be gold mines, information about the location of which was lost for various reasons. Among the most famous and legendary gold mines are: King Solomon's Gold Mines.