Debut english start chess. The best debut for advanced players: English start. Here is a typical "HEDGEHOG SYSTEM" Position with "Maroczy Bind" on the field
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In the development of many versions of this debut, ZuCertorT, Diaton, Rubinstein, Reta, Kapablanca, Botvinnik have contributed their contribution. It was often used English start in tournaments and matches of meanings, Polgaevsky, Larsen, Petrosyan, Tal, Portish, Cherry, Karpov, Ulman, Luboevich, Anderssson, Miles, Mount, Hubner, Gulko, Shub, Kasparov, Ivanchuk, Kramnik. The newest developments and ideas in the English beginning belong to Mikhal Gurevich, Mikhail Marina, Lars Carsson, Anthony Kostenu, etc.
English Beginning - Nakhodka for Esquiper: This debut allows a chess player who prefers white to play closed beginnings, avoid many popular and deeply designed debuts. It is important that the fact that white may prevent those defensions that are perfectly studied and have a rival.
What debuts can be avoided, refusing from 1. D2-D4 in favor of 1. C2-C4?
Adopted Ferzy Gambit.. Recently, this debut brings black good results and is found at the highest level, for example, anand is often used. Stroy 1. C2-C4 does not allow black to play accepted in the normal edition, for example, after 1. C4 E6 2. X3 D5 3. D4, an attempt to accept Gambit by 3 ... DC is unsuccessful due to the white replies 4. E4!, Which leads to the unprofitable For black variants of this debut.
CHIGORINA AND CONTROLSBIT OF ALBE. Despite the traditionally bad reputation, these debuts occur even at the level of the grasisters of the extract. The largest modern apologist for the protection of Chigorin and Controlambita Albina A. Morozhevich has a black even positive balance.
Budapest Gambit.
Slavic Protection. One of the most popular, hard-ridden modern debuts. Lovers of "Slavs" at 1. C4 often respond 1. C6, seeking to reduce the game to well-studied schemes after 2. d4. However, whites have the opportunity to translate the party in the direction of protection Caro-Cannes (2. E4) or adhere to the main debut of retreat.
Protecting Grunefeld. Variants of this debut are designed extremely deeply, many grandmasters are looking for ways to take advantage, but Black everywhere is a conjunction. The English start provides white a few opportunities to avoid protecting Grunefeld.
Protecting Nitzovich. The name "Anti-Sithovich" speaks for itself - white avoid basic protection options.
Novoindian Protection and Protection of Bogolyubov.
Benoni, Modern Benoni, Volzhsky Gambit.
Dutch protection.
« Tango"1. D4 KF6 2. C4 ks6!? This unusual debut became popular over the past ten years. White difficult to refute the black strategy. The debut is found in the highest rank competitions and brings black quite good practical results.
English Defence 1. D4 E6 2. C4 B6!? Protection was developed by a group of English chess players headed by E. Miles. Natural reaction to a slightly slow strategy of black - 3. E4. However, this move brings white more chagrins, rather than joy. Black has amazing resources of the counterparts against the White Center. The statistics of the option also in favor of black. Therefore, strong chess players prefer 3. A3!?, Although it does not have to talk about a significant advantage of whites. See the book I. Odessa "Impossible Beginning". The English start allows white to evade this debut.
Polish Protection, St. George Defence. 1. D4 B5?! 2. E4 A6. Protection is variations of Sokolsky's debut in the second hand. It would seem black, from the very first moves, neglecting the center in favor of flank operations should be easily punished. However, not all so simple. In this debut, playing white, sometimes suffered the defeat of the strongest chess players of the world, for example, in 1983 A. Karpov lost to E. Miles.
Debut without name 1. D4 E6 2. C4 CB4!? So they played many strong grandmasters, for example, Psakhis, Angorn, Short, Corner. A flexible debut that allows you to vary the plans and move to other starts, and the statistics for black is not bad. The English start gives white the opportunity to evaporate from this debut.
Old Indian Protection. Generally speaking, white relatively rarely avoid this debut. But the course 1. C2-C4! Provides them and this opportunity.
The advantages and disadvantages of the English start
The main advantage of the English began compared with the move 1. D4 is that in this debut it is easier to build a game not from the point of view of black, but from the point of view of white. You can easily not give the opponent to play his favorite position. The only substantial minus debut is that the blacks can immediately answer 1 ... E5. According to many chess players, after 1. C4 E5, the chances of whites on receiving the advantage is extremely small. However, according to others [ what?] Chess players on the course of white C4 black should not be answered by E5, because in Sicilian protection at E4 C5 in black, as a rule, everything is in order, and here the same with a color variety, while the white-tempered pace [ ]. Nevertheless, grandmasters, fearful responses 1 ... E5, play the English beginning with a different course of moves: 1. KF3 KF6, and only now - 2. C4. However, 1. KF3 has another minus: black can answer 1 ... D5, which means that white cannot be avoided by the adopted query gambit or Slavic protection. Yes, and in the orthodox queen, the early KF3, as is known, simplifies black protection.
Is it worthwhile, playing 1. C4, immediate response 1 ... e5? Let's look at the statistics. If the course of 1 ... E5 was so dangerous for whites, most of the grandmasters exactly would have answered 1. C4. However, the most popular answer here is 1 ... kf6. Further. After 1. C4 KF6 2. KS3 Answer 2 ... E5 is on the fourth place in popularity, yielding such continuations as 2 ... G6, 2 ... E6 and 2 ... C5. So, playing black prefer other protection systems with E7-E5.
Stroke 1. C2-C4 is popular in matches for the world championship: it is enough to remember that most parties opened in the matches against Karpov, the majority of parties opened by an elephant pawn. Kasparov in the match with Karpov 87 elected the English start by the main debut weapon. He did not change this move in the last, 24th, match of the match, when he was needed victory. It is curious that in 23 parties in a similar situation was Karpov: he needed to win. He elected 1. C2-C4 and achieved victory.
English start is not very popular among lovers, even high levels. The reason is simple. Here is a great chance of the emergence of "boring" positions, it is not so easy to tie an acute tactical struggle. In this debut, he wins the one who surpasses the opponent in a positional understanding, art of maneuvering, in the ability to feel the finest nuances of arising positions. The English start - the debut is not for a straw, not for lovers of sparkling attacks. On one tact and the calculation here will not be left. It seems that as increasing research of closed debuts will be more difficult and more difficult to play: invent something new in the defense against Grunefeld or Nitzovich becomes difficult today. In the English beginning of the event, as a rule, it is not developing so rapidly, the pawn structure is not determined immediately, it is much less forced, developed before the endgame options. And therefore, there are more game positions in it, so it is the future to start the English start.
Ferous Gambit Overview of the main systems
Good day, dear friend!
You are unlikely to find at least one strong player who would not have studied the English start in chess. If you play black, you think somehow somehow answer if the opponent plays 1.S2-C4..
And if you have white, you will agree, sometimes you want to avoid the launched debut paths and play "to understand", especially if the opponent plays what you do not like.
What is the English start?
In the English beginning there are much less long forced options, the error price is not so great, such as in debuts. Yes, and fundamental revaluation of positions occur not so often.
The English start is not such a fundamental debut as, for example, the Ferzy Gambit stands aside from fashionable debut flows. Nevertheless, it is very popular.
In previous years, Botvinnik, Spassky, Petrosyan used him. The English began serious check in the matches of the two K. and in the present times, from time to time there are "English" discussions with the participation of Kramnik, Nakamura, Topalov, Ivanchuk.
The feature of the English began in the fact that there are often permutations of moves. For example, the first move of white can be 1.kf3.
Another feature - the English start often flows into other debuts. for example 1.C4 KF6 2.KC3 E6 3.D4 CB4 - On the desk .
In the English beginning there are about 15 different systems.
In order to finally not confuse you with extensive reasoning and not to inflate the article before indecent, I propose today to consider one system called "Dragon in the first hand".
Dragon in the first hand
1.C4 E5 2.x3 KF6 3.G3
As you can see, on the board, a mirror reflection of the Dragon of Sicielian. Of course, with the difference that the White Overweight Temp.
The most common continuations of black 3 ... C6, 3 ... CB4, 3 ... D5
a) 3 ... C6
White in response most often play 4.d4, 4.cg2.and 4.kf3.
4.d4
It seems logical because the course KS6.it is not possible. But just for now.
The chances of the sides are approximately equal.
4.CG2.
White admit the formation of the center.
Approximate option:
White fell behind in development, but they have an extra pawn and there are no obvious weaknesses.
Gurgenidze - Panteleev 1978
4.kf3.
With the advantage of white. Najorf -rosetto 1978
b) 3 ... CB4
The ideas that are swimming with this drop of an elephant are similar to the defense of the Nitzovich.
4.CG2 0-0.
White most often answer 5.Kf3. and 5.E4.
5.KF3.
With equality. Larsen - Tal., 1979
5.E4.
With an idea KGE2., after which the elephant B4 is not deed.
The game is equal.
c) 3 ... D5
4.CD K: D5 5.CG2
With color variation on the Early Dragon Board. However, black do not have time to play C5, like white in the Marotsi system.
Nevertheless, the choice of black is there:
5 ... Ke7,5 ... K: C3, 5 ... KB6. Worse 5 ... C6. or 5 ... CE6.- See the error section.
5 ... Ke7.
Approximate option:
White has the best game. Ulman - Taimanov 1982
5 ... K: C3
White initiative on the queen flank.
5 ... KB6.
With a slight advantage in white. Hubner - Adorian 1985
As you can see, in the "Dragon in the first hand" do not make it possible to play black, just as playing white in the Sicilian Dragon: Long casting and attack on the king.
Also black do not have time to "clamp a white move c7-C5. As in the Marotsi system in the early Dragon.
In general, a black good chance of the equation, but it should be careful.
Typical mistakes and traps
A typical mistake in this embodiment is the game for black by analogy, as they play for whites in the version of the dragon in Sicielian.
White has an obvious advantage. They play E4 and D5, getting a strong passage.
Black has a heavy position.
Another example:
Black carry losses.
What are the ideas of the English start?
I would noted as follows:
- The ability to avoid the fasten paths and forced options. To drag the opponent to the strangers to build it and replay.
- The possibility with the permutation of the moves to go to the debut you need.
- The opportunity to avoid unwanted debuts in this party.
About this, third paragraph, - a little more.
Your humble servant does not like white to play Grunefeld's defense. British start allows you to avoid this debut. 1.C4 KF6 2. KC3 G6 3.E4 - Voila. Black must play Old Indian.
Similar to Slavic protection. If black is 1.C4 answer 1 ... C6., I play 2.e4 and if 2 ... .d5T. 3.ED CD 4.D4.. Learned? Panova's attack in Karo Cann's defense. The opponent is often not ready for such metamorphoses.
I guess, putting the shapes, you can easily figure out how after the course 1.C4you can avoid meeting with such debuts as the defense of Nitzovich, Novo Indian Protection, different gambites like Budapesh or Albina.
The adopted query gambit, with this order of moves behind black, wanted difficult.
In conclusion:
If you are seriously approaching your chess career, - to study the English beginning, in my opinion, is promising. It has a huge number of low-prospecting, "creative" positions and paths.
It is here that the views of leading players will be directed as the fundamental debuts in chess will be finally studied and analyzed "from crust to crust."
Approximate Parties:
1.Anakamura - Van Hao
2012, 45th Biel GM, 0:1
2.Kramenik - Anand.
2013, Zuerich Chess Challenge, 1:0
3. Nakamura - Howell
2011, 3rd London Chess Classic, 1:0
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- This is the course of white on C4. On this move, Black is undesirable to respond to E5, because in Sicilian protection E4 C5, black, as a rule, is all right. And here it turns out the same Sicielanka, only with variable color. Here, black needs to be focused on the same provisions that they play with D4.
For example, our coach Oleg Kislitsyn advises Oles at D4 to play D5, and play C6 with C4.
Chart number 1
English start - 1 option
In the debut "English Beginning" you can focus on this position and to play C6 on C4, and play D5 on D4. It turns out the same position as in the number 1 diagram.
English Start - Option number 1
True, there is one not very pleasant nuance - white can go E4. Here D5 is not so interesting.
English start - 2 option
English Beginning - Option number 2
White is not profitable to take a pawn on the D5, because the insulator and white will retain in development. It is necessary to quickly straighten the pawns that were with D5.
Therefore, the white quickly made the exchange and brought the D4 so that black themselves eat on C4 and developed a white elephant. it attack Panova .
Panova's attack turns out with a different order of moves:
3. E4: D5 C6: D5
It turns out a position from the protection of Caro-Cannes. It is believed that the "insulator" is very good compensation in the form of active figures.
If the attack Panova does not like, you can choose another order of moves.
English Start - 3 Option
You can go the f6 horse on C4. Whites immediately disappears the opportunity to go to E4.
English Start - Option number 3
It turns out in fact the same position as in the Ferzia Gambit.
English Start - 4 Option
Of course, if the d3 is played by the second run, the E5 will be a good move.
The English start is a flank debut, which means that white make the first running on the vertical C instead of typical E or G.
Many chess players can consider this beginning a bit "unusual", but wait only a minute with judgment, while I do not go into details!
First, the British principle is considered one of the most successful debuts. This means that, playing, you automatically maximize your chances of winning. Secondly, the English debut is quite flexible and can transpose in many different 1.D4 variations.Many grandmasters chose exactly this debut, including Mikhail Botvinnik, Bobby Fisher, Anatoly Karpov, Harry Kasparov and Magnus Karlsen. I believe that the British principle is one of the best debuts for advanced players.
1.C4
Thanks to this go, white immediately take control over the field D5. Depending on how you go well, white will prefer to play 2.d4, 2.nf3 or even 2.c5.
This beginning can go to many different continuations, including Sicilian protection (1 ... E5), Indian defense (1 ... NF6) or queensium gambit (1 ... E6).Another popular continuation in English is the symmetric defense (Symmetrical Defense), and everyone should know who wishes to add an English beginning to their debuts.
If you have a chess category (or more), this start will be one of the best for you.1. ... C5.
One of the most important ideas of white is the "Hedgehog System" system. Black plans - Pawn output B7, E6, A6 and D6 with the location of the elephants on B7 and D7.
It is a strong and reliable protection for black, but there is a significant disadvantage - the lack of space for maneuver. White usually positions their pawns on C4 and E4, forming the "Maroczy Bind" alignment.Here is a typical "HEDGEHOG SYSTEM" Position with "Maroczy Bind" on the field
White having a better pawn arrangement, and thus stabilize the end of the game. In any exchange, only white will receive benefits.
On the other hand, the black can go for a slight exchange, freeing the position. The absence of space creates problems for maneuvers both during defense and when attacking.Another idea for white suggests an early breakthrough in the center of white pawn. This, as a rule, passes as follows:
2.NF3 NF6 3.D4
White continues to put pressure on the center and offer the exchange of pawn. The white plan is to create a "maroczy bind" position, receiving space and leading the king to a safe place with a short castling.
Black will either choose a little passive system "Hedgehog System or something more active with the participation of the pawn ... E5. In any case, there is no reason for the worry of white, they fully controls the situation.
That is why the English start is one of the best debuts for advanced players, regardless of whether you are playing against a stronger or weaker opponent.3 ... CXD4 4.NXD4 E6 5. NC3 NC6 6.E4 B6
The white plan is to develop an elephant E2, and the other G5, short casting and it is possible to play QE3 or QC2, depending on the circumstances.
White get a very promising position with a significant advantage of the space and control center.
Black, on the other hand, plan to develop an elephant E7 and B7, place the Queen on C7 and promote the pawns A7 and D6. This is another example of "Hedgehog System" - exactly what blacks want to achieve.
They have a very strong position without any obvious drawbacks. Position that can be protected from any possible type of attack. If white is not careful, they may end up becoming a defensive side.This is a good position for both white and black, with many different variations in continuing the game.
Indeed, white has certain advantages, but they are far from deciding.
In general, the English start is one of the best debuts for advanced players, because of its wide variety of positions, flexibility and simplicity. If you are looking for a debut, this is an excellent choice.Chess Debuts - English Start
English start - debut starting by move:
1. C2-C4.
Refers to closed principles.
In the XIX century, the champion of England Howard Staunton, hence his name, was often used. Significant debut has received since the 20s of the 20th century.
In the development of many versions of this debut, ZuCertorT, Diaton, Rubinstein, Reta, Kapablanca, Botvinnik have contributed their contribution. It was often used English start in tournaments and matches of meanings, Polgaevsky, Larsen, Petrosyan, Tal, Portish, Cherry, Karpov, Ulman, Luboevich, Anderssson, Miles, Mount, Hubner, Gulko, Shub, Kasparov, Ivanchuk, Kramnik. The newest developments and ideas in the English beginning belong to Mikhal Gurevich, Mikhail Marina, Lars Carsson, Anthony Kostenu, etc.
English Beginning - Nakhodka for Esquiper: This debut allows a chess player who prefers white to play closed beginnings, avoid many popular and deeply designed debuts. It is important that the fact that white may prevent those defensions that are perfectly studied and have a rival.
What debuts can be avoided, refusing from 1. D2-D4 in favor of 1. C2-C4?
Adopted Ferzy Gambit. Recently, this debut brings black good results and is found at the highest level, for example, anand is often used. Stroke 1. C2-C4 does not allow black to play accepted in the normal edition, for example, after 1. C4 E6 2. X3 D5 3. D4, an attempt to take gambite by 3 ... DC is unsuccessful due to the answer white 4. E4!, Which leads to unprofitable For black variants of this debut.
CHIGORINA AND CONTROLSBIT Albin. Despite the traditionally bad reputation, these debuts occur even at the level of the grasisters of the extract. The largest modern apologist for the protection of Chigorin and Controlambita Albina A. Morozhevich has a black even positive balance.
Budapest Gambit.
Slavic protection. One of the most popular, hard-ridden modern debuts. Lovers of "Slavs" at 1. C4 often respond 1. C6, seeking to reduce the game to well-studied schemes after 2. d4. However, whites have the opportunity to translate the part in the Karo Cannes security line (2. E4) or adhere to the main lines of the Debut Reta.
Grunefeld's defense. Variants of this debut are designed extremely deeply, many grandmasters are looking for ways to take advantage, but Black everywhere is a conjunction. The English start provides white a few opportunities to avoid protecting Grunefeld.
Protection of Nitzovich. The name "Anti-Sithovich" speaks for itself - white avoid basic protection options.
Novo Indian Protection and Protection of Bogolyubov.
Protection Benoni, Modern Benoni, Volzhsky Gambit.
Dutch protection.
Tango 1. D4 KF6 2. C4 KS6!? This unusual debut became popular over the past ten years. White is not easy to refute the strategia of black. The debut is found in the highest rank competitions and brings black quite good practical results.
English defense (English Defence) 1. D4 E6 2. C4 B6!? Protection was developed by a group of English chess players headed by E. Miles. Natural reaction to a slightly slow strategy of black - 3. E4. However, this move brings white more chagrins, rather than joy. Black has amazing resources of the counterparts against the White Center. The statistics of the option also in favor of black. Therefore, strong chess players prefer 3. A3!?, Although it does not have to talk about a significant advantage of whites. See the book I. Odessa "Impossible Beginning". The English start allows white to evade this debut.
Polish Protection, St. George Defence. 1. D4 B5?! 2. E4 A6. Protection is variations of Sokolsky's debut in the second hand. It would seem black, from the very first moves, neglecting the center in favor of flank operations should be easily punished. However, not all so simple. In this debut, playing white, sometimes suffered the defeat of the strongest chess players of the world, for example, in 1983 A. Karpov lost to E. Miles.
Debut without a name 1. D4 E6 2. C4 CB4!? So they played many strong grandmasters, for example, Psakhis, Angorn, Short, Corner. A flexible debut that allows you to vary the plans and move to other starts, and the statistics for black is not bad. The English start gives white the opportunity to evaporate from this debut.
Old Indian Protection. Generally speaking, white relatively rarely avoid this debut. But the course 1. C2-C4! Provides them and this opportunity.
The advantages and disadvantages of the English start.
The main advantage of the English began compared with the move 1. D4 is that in this debut it is easier to build a game not from the point of view of black, but from the point of view of white. You can easily not give the opponent to play his favorite position. The only substantial minus debut is that the blacks can immediately answer 1 ... E5. According to many chess players, after 1. C4 E5, the chances of whites on receiving the advantage is extremely small. Therefore, grandmasters, fearful responses 1 ... E5, play the English beginning with a different course of moves: 1. KF3 KF6, and only now - 2. C4. However, 1. KF3 has another minus: black can answer 1 ... D5, which means that white cannot be avoided by the adopted query gambit or Slavic protection. Yes, and in the orthodox queen, the early KF3, as is known, simplifies black protection.
Is it worthwhile, playing 1. C4, immediate response 1 ... e5? Let's look at the statistics. If the course of 1 ... E5 was so dangerous for whites, most of the grandmasters exactly would have answered 1. C4. However, the most popular answer here is 1 ... kf6. Further. After 1. C4 KF6 2. KS3 Answer 2 ... E5 is on the fourth place in popularity, yielding such continuations as 2 ... G6, 2 ... E6 and 2 ... C5. So, playing black prefer other protection systems with E7-E5.
Stroke 1. C2-C4 is popular in matches for the world championship: it is enough to remember that most parties opened in the matches against Karpov, the majority of parties opened by an elephant pawn. Kasparov in the match with Karpov 87 elected the English start by the main debut weapon. He did not change this move in the last, 24th, match of the match, when he was needed victory. It is curious that in 23 parties in a similar situation was Karpov: he needed to win. He elected 1. C2-C4 and achieved victory.
English start is not very popular among lovers, even high levels. The reason is simple. Here is a great chance of the emergence of "boring" positions, it is not so easy to tie an acute tactical struggle. In this debut, he wins the one who surpasses the opponent in a positional understanding, art of maneuvering, in the ability to feel the finest nuances of arising positions. The English start - the debut is not for a straw, not for lovers of sparkling attacks. On one tact and the calculation here will not be left. It seems that as increasing research of closed debuts will be more difficult and more difficult to play: invent something new in the defense against Grunefeld or Nitzovich becomes difficult today. In the English beginning of the event, as a rule, it is not developing so rapidly, the pawn structure is not determined immediately, it is much less forced, developed before the endgame options. And therefore, there are more game positions in it, so it is the future to start the English start.Basic answers to 1.c4
1.C4 E5 - in some cases leads to positions similar to Sicilian protection with color variation, for example, "Reverse Dragon" or a closed system;
1.C4 C5 - symmetrical option;
1.C4 NF6 - often leads to the rearrangement of the moves to the defenders of Nitzovich, Grunefeld and Starenidia, but most of the options have an independent value (anti-nimitsevic, anti-Grunefeld);
1.C4 E6 - usually leads to the permutation of the moves to the Ferzy Gambit, Catalan beginning, or to the debut of Reta;
1.C4 C6 - usually leads to the permutation of moves to Slavic protection either to the protection of Caro-Cannes;
1.C4 F5 - leads to Dutch protection if white is played in the future D4.
1.C4 B6 - after 2.D4 E6 leads to a non-name-called acute debut, which was introduced into the practice of E. Miles and other English chess players. More than white refrain from the immediate advancement of the pawns D, which gives them certain advantages.
Overview of the main systems1.C4 E5 2.NC3 NF6 3.G3 - Dragon system in the first hand;
1.C4 E5 2.NC3 NF6 3.NF3 - a system of three horses;
1.C4 E5 2.NC3 NF6 3.NF3 NC6 - system of four horses;
1.C4 E5 2.NC3 NC6 3.G3 G6 - closed system;
1.C4 E5 2.NC3 D6;
1.C4 E5 2.NC3 F5; 1.C4 E5 2.NC3 NC6 3.NF3 F5; 1.C4 E5 2.NC3 NC6 3.G3 F5 - Systems with F7-F5;
1.C4 NF6 2.Nc3 E6 3.NF3 BB4 - White deviation from the protection of Nitzovich;
1.C4 NF6 2.NC3 E6 3.E4 - the system of the michenas-flora;
1.C4 NF6 2.NC3 D5 - Evasion of White from the Protection of Grunefeld;
1.C4 C5 2.NF3 NF6 3.D4 CXD4 4.NXD4
1.C4 C5 2.NF3 NF6 3.NC3 E6 4.G3 B6 5.BG2 BB7 6.O-O or 1.C4 C5 2.NF3 NF6 3.D4 CXD4 4.NXD4
B6 - System "Yozh"
1.C4 C5 2.NF3 NF6 3.G3 B6 4.BG2 BB7 5. O-O G6 - double pianketto;
1.C4 C5 2.NC3 NF6 3.NF3 D5 4.CXD5 NXD5 - "Modern Option";
1.C4 C5 2.NC3 NF6 3.G3 D5 4.CXD5 NXD5 5.BG2 - Rubinstein system;
1.C4 C5 2.NF3 NF6 3.NC3 NC6 is a symmetrical option.Literature
V. K. Bagirov. English start. M., Fis, 1989. ISBN 5-278-00167-4.
S.shipov. Yozh: textbook strategy and tactics. M., 2004. ISBN 5-7905-2763-9
A. Karpov. Learn to play the English beginning. M., 2004. ISBN 5-94693-046-X
Kosten, A. THE DYNAMIC English. London, 2008.
Povah, Nigel. How to Play The Russian Opening. London, 1991.Play chess online on our website