Chess for beginners Italian game. About the debut repertoire. How to study opening? Italian party. Ideas, plans, options
The Italian party has been known for about five hundred years and was especially popular until the 19th century. In the old Italian manuals, the opening was called "giocco pianissimo", which means "the quietest game". White's intentions were fast education a strong pawn center by c2 - c3 and d2 - d4 and creating an attack on the weakly defended f7 point. However, it turned out that Black can successfully fight these plans.
In recent years, successful attempts have been made in this ancient system to sharpen the struggle, the Italian party has returned to the world arena of professional chess. But let's get back to the opening itself.
After the opening moves 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 the Italian game was played (diagram 1). In this basic position, White has two continuations:
4.c3(and 4.d3 after 4 ... Nf6 5.Nc3 d6 6.Bg5 the so-called Canal attack is played. 6 ... h6 logical and natural answer. (Equal chances are also given by the continuation 6 ... Be6 7.Nd5 B: d5 8.C: d5 h6) 7.B: f6 Q: f6 8.Nd5 Qd8 There is also a double-edged continuation:
8 ... Qg6 9.Qe2 (wrongly 9.N: c7 + due to 9 ... Krd8 10.K: a8 Q: g2 11.Rf1 Bg4) 9 ... Bg4 10.c3 warning Kc6 - d4 10 ... Bb6 however, in this case White can profitably play 11.a4) 9.c3 a6 (Perhaps 9 ... Ne7 10.Ne3 OO 11.OO Ng6 12.d4 Bb6) 10.d4 ed 11.cd Ba7 12.h3 OO 13.OO Be6 14.Rc1 Na5 15. Bd3 c5 16.Bb1.
After such a long theoretical version, a critical position arose. Black has an advantage of two bishops, which may affect in the future, and the actions of his pieces are well coordinated. Thus, even in the "quietest game" Black is not obliged to agree to colorless exchanges, but can create double-edged positions with mutual chances.
Now, regarding the system that arises after the move 4. c2 - c3 (diagram 2).
Black has many interesting continuations in this position, let's consider the most energetic one. 4 ... Nf6 leading to double-edged positions with rich tactical content.
5.d4 ( Often used 6.b4 Bb6 7.d3 d6 8.a4 a6 after 9.Bg5 h6 10.Ch4 g5 11.Bg3 Nh5 Black has full-fledged play.) 5 ... ed (If 5 ... Bb6 then 6.de Nxe4 7.Qd5 and White wins, Black loses the knight on e4, or).
6.cd (On 6.e5 a standard counterattack will follow 6 ... d5) 6 ... Bb4 + in this position White has a choice between the calm continuation 7.Bd2 (and sharp 7.Nc3 leading to Meller's attack.) Disadvantageous to whites 7.Kf1 the so-called Krakow variant due to 7 ... d5 it is dangerous for black to take a pawn 7 ... N: e4 in view of 8.d5 with white attack.
That's all for now, the Italian game is a very interesting and dynamic opening, it can and should be recommended for learning and practical application to novice chess players. If you have any questions, leave in the comments below, I will definitely answer everything.
Good evening!
Today the games I liked are D. Greco and D. Polerio.
Lot number 1
Italian Party
Greco NN
1.e4 e5 2.Kf3 Ksb 3. Bc4 Bc5 4.c3
Here is the classic Italian interpretation of chess:
-fast development of figures to the center
-The bishops immediately take aim at the vulnerable points f2 and f7. One hit and the king embarks on a long and unpleasant journey.
-Attention to the creation of a strong pawn center (the formation of a pawn pair e4 + d4).
The name of the opening after the bishops reached c4 and c5 - and went down in history as the "Italian game".
4 ... Kf6 5.d4 ed 6.cd Cb4 + 7.Kc3.
The invention of the "Calabrian" Greco: White strives for rapid development and does not spare pawns for this. The first to fall is the e4-pawn.
7 ... K: e4 8.0—0 K: c3 9.bc C: c3.
Black's tactics are the most primitive, they "eat" all the pawns in a row and are far behind in mobilizing their forces. Instead of 8 ... N: c3, the theory recommends 8 ... C: c3 and on 9.bc - 9 ... d5. But gambits were always accepted - it was a matter of honor for the player!
10. Qb3!
White sacrifices the rook. This game was played in the 17th century, when even strong chess players did not know the move 10 ... d5, which gives Black the opportunity to successfully defend.
For example: 11.С: d5 0-0 12.С: f7 + Kph8 (if 12 ... R: f7, then 13.Kg5) 13.Ф: сЗ Л: f7, and White has only a slight positional overweight.
10 ... C: a1
Having accepted the sacrifice, Black falls under a beautiful and irresistible attack.
11.B: f7 + Kpf8 12.Cg5 Ne7
13.Ne5! Bxd4 14.Bg6!(very aesthetic magic play of white pieces!
14 ... d5 15.Qf3 + Cf5 16.C: f5 C: e5
17.Ce6 + Cf6 18.C: f6 g: f6 19.Q: f6 + Kpe8 20.Qf7x.
A brutal rout!
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Lot # 2
Italian Party
Greco NN
In another game Greco, his opponent did not accept the rook sacrifice, in a familiar position,
and played 10 ... B: d4,
trying to include the bishop in defense. And in this case, White attacked in one breath:
11.C: f7 + Kpf8 12.Cg5 Cf6 13.Lae1
The rook remained in the game and made itself felt: Le8 + threatens.
13 ... Ne7 14.Ch5 Kg6
15.Ne5!(spectacular move!)
15 ... Nxe5 16.Rxe5 g6(there is no other defense against mate on f7)
17.Ch6 + Cg7
18.Rf5 +! Kre7 19.Re1 + Be5 20.R1: e5 + Kpd6 21.Qd5x.
All white pieces "crossed the border", all took part in the attack. From the final position, you can immediately determine that the White army was commanded by an experienced commander.
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Lot # 3
Polerio Domenico
Defense of two knights.
1.e4 e5 2.Kf3 Kc6 3.Cc4 Kf6 4.Kg5 d5 5.exd5 Kxd5?
This is Black's well-known opening inaccuracy. A lot of young chess players smashed their rivals during their school years, just having familiarized themselves with Polerio's experience in this variation.
I remember it was necessary to put a team of junior chess players on the "white rook". There was not much time to prepare ...
As a student of the 7th grade, I prepared the whole team in a month. He taught the methods of material advantage realization, the most primitive methods of chess strategy in the opening and the middle of the game, 10 exact positions at the end of the game, and .... the defense of two knights for White :-)) The team gained a lot of points when they played white :-) 9 out of 10 opponents beat the d5-pawn with a knight.
6 ... Kxf7 7.Qf3 + Ke6
Otherwise White will win back a piece, keeping an extra pawn and an attack.
8.Nc3 Nce7
More stubborn is 8 ... Ncb4, but even in this case after 9.Qe4 c6 10.a3 Na6 11.d4 Black faces a very difficult defense.
9.d4! c6 10.Bg5 h6
11.Bxe7 Bxe7 12.O-O-O Rf8 13.Qe4 Rxf2 14.dxe5!
The strongest move in this position.
14 ... Bg5 + 15.Kb1 Rd2 16.h4! Rxd1 17.Rxd1 Bxh4 18.Nxd5 cxd5 19.Rxd5
With the fall of the d5-square of the main bulwark of Black's defense, the game is decided.
(19.Bxd5 Ke7 20.Qxh4 was also good)
19 ... Qg5 20.Rd6 Ke7 21.Rg6
Black resigned.
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Lot # 4
Greco NN
Royal Gambit.
1.e4 e5 2.f4 e: f4 3.Bc4
One of the oldest white interpretations of this gambit. For a very long time this move was preferred against the knight's move to f3. White immediately takes aim at the f7 point (the main goal of the Italian attacks), and also prevents the counterattack in the center associated with the move d7-d5. However, through the efforts of the Russian player and theorist Karl Andreevich Yanish in the middle of the 19th century, the path (c6 followed by d5) was shown leading black to an excellent game.
The most obvious reaction of black was tested at the dawn of theoretical research. By checking the queen, black deprives the white king of the castling, but is subsequently attacked by white pieces ... White gets the opportunity to get ahead in the development of black pieces.
3 ... Qh4 + 4.Kpf1 Bc5?
Unprecedentedly weak. White already has plans to capture the center with d2-d4 and open the diagonal for the c1 bishop. And here it is done with a gain in tempo (the black bishop comes under attack and spends time on retreat)
Black tried to play in this position in different ways and 4 ... g5, and 4 ... Kf6, and 4 ... d5! The last move is the most promising, with a reciprocal sacrifice Black strives to keep up with the development of his pieces, opens the lines for the bishop, and breaks the center for White.
5.d4 Bb6 6.Kf3 Qе7 7.С: f4 Qxe4?
As I wrote in yesterday's post, accepting sacrifices was a sign of fearlessness and valor. Sometimes it was completely unjustified.
8.C: f7 +
The excellent development of White's pieces, the weakness of the most vulnerable point f7 and the viciousness of the practice of early queen entry into the game are beginning to affect. Taking the bishop is now bad because of the double blow (8 ... Kr: f7 9.Kg5 + and 10.N: e4)
8 ... Kpf8 9.Cg3 Kh6
Now White, using the advanced black queen, brings the last fighting pieces into the game and arranges for black HELL.
10.Nc3 Qe7 11.Bb3 c6
Black's developmental lag is serious. On the last move, he tries to put a pawn fence in the center against the bishop b3 and the knight c3.
12.Qd3 d5 13.Re1 Qf6
14.Ch4! Qg6
This attempt to extinguish the initiative by exchange meets with effective refutation. The attack is strong even without queens!
Too many pieces are in play. I will not tire of repeating the defense in those days was at the level of the 2nd category ... much stronger than 14 ... Qf5
15.Be7 + Kpg8 16.Q: g6 h: g6 17.K: d5!
Destruction of the position.
17 ... c: d5 18.C: d5 + Kph7 19.Kg5 mate
Of course, black could not get mate, but the book would lose from this :-))
Instead of 18 ... Kph7, 18 ... Kf7 was more stubborn (see diagram # 02)
Diagram No. 02
But even here White has a decisive advantage after-
19.Ne5 Kh7 20.K: f7 Bf5 21.g4!(see diagram # 01)
Diagram # 01
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Lot # 5
Greco NN
Greco points out a beautiful ending in another game, where the opponent queen moved to another place on move 13 ...
13 ... Qf7 14.Bd6 + Kpg8 15.Re7 Qf6
16.K: d5 Q: d6(If 16 ... cxd5 17.C: d5 + Kpf8 18.Re6 + with a decisive advantage)
17.Kf6 ++ Kpe8 18.Re8 mate
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Lot 6
Greco NN
Wrong start.
The last game is an excellent illustration of why the coach told me strictly not strictly:
"Until you become a first-rate player, I forbid you even to take the f-pawn, until the castling is done! They will be killed right away, like a mammoth!" :-))
1.e4 b6 2.d4 Cb7 3.Bd3 f5 ?!
Now this move (3 ... f5) is considered disproved. And in those days he looked! It seems like it is impossible to take a pawn. The pawn on g2 is killed, and with it the rook on h1.
Nevertheless, the weakness of the king's diagonal h5-e8 is over!
4.e: f5! C: g2 5.Qh5 + g6(single move)
5.f: g6 Kf6?
A decisive mistake. There are only chances to continue the fight with 5 ... Bg7. It is true here, too, that the position of "mascara light" is ...
5 ... Bg7 6.g: h7 + Kpf8 7.Kf3 !! (with the strongest threat Ne5) Kf6 8.Qg6 C: f3 9.Rg1 R: h7 10.Qg3 Ce4 11.C: e4 N: e4 12.Qf3 + Kpg8 13.Q: e4 Kc6 14.d5 Ka5 15.Kc3(see diagram no. 00
Diagram No. 00
With a huge advantage for White.
6.g: h7 + K: h5 7.Cg6 mate.
Chess is exactly the game where science, art and sport are combined. One of the main components of a successful game is its competent start. The outcome of the whole game depends on the first steps of the player, on his ability to mobilize all his forces at the very start. In this article, we invite you to consider some of the most popular chess openings.
In fact, the opening itself is already a whole chess science. There are many types of opening, it has specific goals and criteria: you need to ensure the safety of the king, oppose the opponent, control the situation on the board, and also develop a strategy for the next and final stage of the game.
The Italian Chess Game - A Quiet Beginning
The Italian game is one of the oldest chess openings. The name can be translated as "quiet start". This beginning has three main paths of development. Each of them is based on White fortifying the center with pawns... But over time, a successful strategy was found for black pieces, which made it possible to successfully resist.
Start moves:
1.e2-e4 e7-e5
2.Kg1-f3 Kb8-c6
3. Bf1-c4 Bf8-c5.
The main directions of the game development:
1) There is no activity in the center, white pieces tend to strengthen the center. 4.d2-d3 d7-d65.Kb1-c3 Kg8-f66. 0-0 0-0. A reliable continuation, although it does not pose impossible tasks for the opponent.
2) The center is captured by White. 4.c2-c3 Kg8-f6! Black move Kf6 attack a pawn e4.5.d2-d4 e5: d46.c3: d4 Cc5-b4 + the elephant after the attack leaves the field without wasting time. 7.Cc1-d2 Cb4: d2 + 8.Kb1: d2 d7-d5! Black managed to eliminate White's advantage in the center and equalize his chances.
3) The third option is gambit. As we can see, after the move 4.c2-c3, with a competent play for black, the opponent does not have time to strengthen his position in the center. In the 19th century, it was invented to give a pawn as a sacrifice 4.b2-b4. 4.b2-b4 Cc5: b4 Many chess gurus believe that the best continuation of the game is to accept the sacrifice. If Black rejects it, then White will not only have a pawn, but also an initiative. 5.c2-c3 accepting the sacrifice allowed White to capture the center in the winning time.
Spanish Party - Rui Lopez's debut
One of the most common is the Spanish part. It is believed to have been invented by Rui Lopez, one of the first modern chess masters. The abundance of complex and varied schemes - this is the key feature of the Spanish party... Such outstanding chess players as V. Steinz, K. Janisch, S. Furman, A. Karpov, G. Kasparov and many others analyzed and contributed to the development of the theory of this opening.
First moves:
1.e2-e4 e7-e5
2.Kg1-f3 Kb8-c6
3. Cf1-b5.
The development of events provides for a large number of systems without main moves, as well as rare systems.
Scottish Party - Correspondence Edinburgh - London
In modern tournament practice, you can often find the Scottish game. Garry Kasparov used this game twice in a tournament against Anatoly Karpov. This debut gained prominence in the correspondence game of 1824. Although it should be noted that the first mentions of this opening were a century earlier. The main line of the strategy is the early advancement of pieces to the center and a lively struggle there.
Start moves:
1.e2-e4 e7-e5
2.Kg1-f3 Kb8-c6
3.d2-d4.
In the course of events, Black has equal opportunities. The main options are:
3.… e5: d4- with other continuations, the initiative remains with White.
4.Kf3: d4- the main continuation.
4.… Qd8-h4- Steinitz system
4.… Kc6: d4. 5.Qd1: d4 d7-d6 6.Cf1-d3- Variant Ghulam Kassim
4.… Cf8-b4 +
4.… Bf8-c5
4.… Kg8-f6- Schmidt's variant
5.Kd4: c6 b7: c6
6.e4-e5- Mises variant
6.Kb1-d2- Tartakover variant
4.Bf1-c4- Scottish Gambit.
4.c2-c3- Göring's Gambit.
4.Bf1: b5- Relphson's Gambit
3.… Nc6: d4- Lolly Option
4.Kf3: е5 Nd4-e6 5.Cf1-c4 c7-c6 6.0-0 Kg8-f6 7.Ke5: f7- Cochran's variant
Russian party - defense of Petrov
The parade of popular chess openings closes with the Russian game, which is deservedly included in the repertoire of the leading chess professionals of our time. The essence of this opening is that the e4-pawn goes over to an immediate counterattack... Superiority in most cases can be maintained until the end of the game. True, it is worth noting that quite a few interesting solutions have been found recently for black pieces, which make it possible to complicate the game.
Starts with moves:
1. e2- e4 e7- e5
2. Kg1- f3 Kg8- f6.
Then there are two main scenarios for White:
3.d2-d4(Steinitz system)
3… e5: d4 4.e4-e5TOf6-e4 5.Fd1: d4 d7-d5 6.e5: d6 Ke4: d6
3… Nf6: e4
3. Kf3: e5- the main option: 3… d7-d6 4. Ke5-f3 (4.Ke5: f7 ?!- Cochren's Gambit) 4… Kf6: e4.
There are many legendary games and tournaments that have been studied for decades and become the basis for the analysis and development of theories, attacks and counterattacks.
Interesting games of the world chess champions
For example, May 11, 1997 is a very important date in the history of chess, a turning point. It was on this day, for the first time in the world, that one of the strongest chess players on the planet lost to a computer. Garry Kasparov lost this match to DeepBlue with a score of 3.5: 2.5. The debut "Caro-Kann Defense" was chosen, but that day luck was not on the side of man.
And in 1851, a party took place in London that went down in history as the "Immortal Party". It was unanimously recognized as the supreme example of "romantic" chess. Adolf Andersen and Lionel Kieseritsky fought in this game between themselves, the game was started by the King's Gambit. The gambit game is one of the hallmarks of the Italian school.
There is an interesting historical fact, the protagonist of which is Napoleon. Everyone knows that he was an excellent tactician. In history, he is credited with three games of chess. The latter, according to historians, he played with on the island of St. Helena in 1818, while in exile. His rival was General Bertrand. Napoleon chose the Scottish game as his debut. Black managed to get a material advantage over the opponent a couple of times during the game. But, having thought out all the moves in advance, Napoleon won a beautiful and logical victory. It is possible that this was his best chess game.
Have you studied the debut? Practice your new knowledge online ->
I am glad to welcome you, dear friend!
The Italian game is the very first opening that the author of these lines began to play consciously. Understanding what this opening is and why I am playing it. This is how I was taught. Play Italian first, then move on. The Italian game in chess is the opening basics from which your humble servant began.
What is the Italian Party?
This is one of the openings in the open category.
The Italian party starts like this , moves in order:
The first analytical works of Italian masters on this beginning appeared in the 16th century. Hence the name. Translated from Italian, Giuoco Piano means "quiet start".
In fact, only about half of the variants of the Italian batch can be considered relatively quiet. Those in which White avoids active struggle for the center.
Variants with moves 4.с3 - 5.d4 and even more so Evans' gambit - I would not dare to classify it as “quiet”. Quite the opposite.
The main ideas of the Italian party are quite simple and straightforward. ... That is why this debut is recommended for beginners.
White aims with the c4 bishop at the vulnerable f7-square, meaning in some variations the move Ng5 ... At the same time, White positions his pieces comfortably and has the opportunity to form a strong center.
It should be noted that if Black chooses a move other than 3 ... Bc5, other openings can be obtained. For example, with 3… Nf6, two knights are protected.
Basic options
a) Variants without 4.c3
4.d3 Kf6
White strives for the rapid development of pieces without forcing active actions so far. This approach is called "the quietest Italian".
The weakness of the black queenside pawns is difficult to exploit due to the activity of black pieces. The game is equal.
4.Kc3 Kf6 5.d3 h6
4.0-0 Kf6 5.d3 0-0
The game is roughly equal.
b) 4.c3 Kf6
White decides to start a fight for an advantage in the center right off the bat.
5.d4
An ancient continuation, used at the dawn of the formation of the Italian party.
With roughly equal play.
In many variations, 5.d4 leads to a sharp game with mutual chances.
Example of a batch:
Dorfman-Tebenkov Eagle 1970 1: 0
5.d3
A more modern interpretation of the variation with 4.с3 compared to 5.d4. White does not force the collision in the center, preferring further development and positional maneuvers. If Black starts to "twitch", showing activity in the center with the move d5, White is ready to meet Black's active play fully armed.
The game is roughly equal.
Evans Gambit
White sacrifices a pawn, or even more than one. Evans' Gambit is essentially an independent opening and we will study it separately.
Typical mistakes
In the Italian game, errors often occur related to the bishop's attacks on the g5-square.
Moreover, both for whites and blacks.
For example, if Black has not yet castled short, he can push the kingside pawns, attacking the bishop at a pace, and organize the attack.
In the next version, the roles have changed:
Do I need to study the Italian game?
The Italian is a typical example of an opening that has a reputation like this: with the right play, Black achieves full play. The key word here is "correct". And with the wrong one? Have you met many chess players who always play correctly and know everything?
Imagine the situation: your opponent usually plays for Black's Berlin Defense. Knows her up and down. He knows that 3. Сс4 is played infrequently and mostly by not very strong chess players. With such you can play almost "as you like".
And suddenly, in a game with you, an equal opponent, he, determined to play Berlin again, sees the move 3.Cc4 in front of him.
Will he play "right"? And does he know how to play black in Italian? Great question. The effect of surprise has not been canceled. And throw me a thunder, if your opponent does not feel "out of place." And this is already something. Well, for starters ...
It is not necessary to cram an entire Italian woman. But choosing for yourself a couple of “problematic” variations for Black (for example, with the move 4.с3 or Evans' gambit) and using them from time to time is a completely reasonable approach.
Sample games
An example of a queen trap:
Osser -Althoff 1941 Germany 0: 1
And here's an example of positional play turning into attack:
Tarrasch-Eckart 1: 0
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