Modern world map. Major world map with countries full screen. Literature for preparing for GIA and EGE
Political map of the world is a geographical map reflecting the countries of the world, their form of government and government. The political map reflects the main political and geographical changes: the formation of new independent states, the change of their status, the merger and separation of states, loss or the acquisition of sovereignty, the change in the area of \u200b\u200bstates, the replacement of their capitals, the change in the name of states and capitals, the change of the forms of state rule, and so on .
In a broad sense, the political map of the world is not only the state boundaries of countries deposited on the cartographic basis. It carries information about the history of the formation of political systems and states, on the relationship between states in the modern world, about the originality of the regions and countries to their political structure, on the impact of the placement of countries on their political device and economic development.
At the same time, the political map of the world is a historical category, as it reflects all changes in the political device and the boundaries of states that occur as a result of various historical events.
Colorful political map of the world in English
All changes that have arisen on a political map for a long history of its formation are different. Among them are distinguished quantitative and qualitative changes. Quantitative include: joining newly open lands; Territorial acquisitions or losses during wars; association or disintegration of states; concessions or exchange between the countries of land plots. Other changes are high-quality. They conclude in the historical change of social and economic formations; acquiring a country of political sovereignty; introducing new forms of the state device; The formation of interstate political unions, the emergence and disappearance on the planet "hot spots". Often quantitative changes are accompanied by high-quality. The last events in the world show that quantitative shifts on a political map are increasingly inferior to high-quality, and this leads to an understanding that instead of war - the usual means of solving interstate disputes - enters the forefront of dialogues, peaceful settlement of territorial disputes and international conflicts.
Political map of the world before the collapse of the USSR in Russian
Large detailed political map of the world in Russian
Political map of the world of 2012
Political map of the world with real proportions of state squares
Political map of the world in the Ukrainian language
Big political world map
Political map of the world (Russian)
Map of dependent territories of the world
Very large and detailed political map of the world - Very Large and Detailed Political Map of the World
Old School Political-Nostalgic World Map - Old School, Nostalgic Political Map of the World
Political World Map in English - Political World Map English
Political World Map (Relief) - Political World Map (Relief)
Political / Physical Map of World - Political / Physical Map of the World
Political World Map - Political World Map
Political Map of Earth - Political Map of The Earth
Political World Map in Russian - Political World Map
Political World Map - Political World Map
Political World Map - Political World Map
According to experts, in the near future, the political map of the world will undergo large changes. The trends towards an increase in the number of states on the basis of ethnic principles is preserved. At the same time, state boundaries that do not correspond to the nations living within their limits will lose their meaning. On the other hand, international political unions will play an even more important role.
The world's maps that we see from childhood are especially the ones that we are shown at school - form our idea of \u200b\u200bhow the world is arranged. That would not be bad if we did not forget that the flat map is just a conditional and distorted display of the round world.
However, many of us transfer stereotypes across the card to a personal attitude to the real world. We begin to believe that there are countries that play the world dominant role, are in its center, and there are those that play the role of subordinate, are on its periphery.
As will be seen below, in different countries - Russia, Europe, the USA, China, Australia, Chile, South Africa - the world's maps are very different. It all depends on what the author of the map selects in each of the following three conditions: 1) How to center the map relative to the West and the East; 2) How to center the map regarding the North and South; 3) Which projection method is used.
World map for Russia
The vertical axis of the world (centering of the West and the East) passes through Moscow. Both America and Australia are on the periphery of the world. The Pacific Ocean is not perceived as a holistic space.
World map for Europe
The vertical axis of the world passes through London. As for the Russian Card, both America and Australia are on the periphery of the world, and the Pacific Ocean is not perceived as a holistic space. In addition, the equator (centering of the North and South) is shifted to the lower half of the card, which makes Africa, South America and Australia smaller in relation to North America and Eurasia than this is actually.
World map for the USA
The vertical axis of the world passes through the United States. America turns out to be a "island" washed by the Pacific Ocean from the West and the Atlantic Ocean from the East. As in the European map, the equator is shifted to the lower half of the card, which makes the size of North America and Eurasia much more in relation to the sizes of South America, Africa and Australia, which is in reality. In addition, the perception of Russia, India and China is complicated for the American: these countries are present for the Americans twice - in the West and East.
World map for china
China on his map is on the western shore of the Pacific Ocean. In this ocean, all continents have exit, except Africa and Europe, which turn out to be on the periphery of the world.
World map for Australia
There is a common stereotype that dominates what is above, and the fact that below is in the subordinate position. Australians not only by holding the vertical axis of the world through their mainland, it is still placed on top of all others, turning the card for 180 degrees. Like the United States, they are the island lying between three oceans: quiet, Indian and South. An important role is started to play Antarctic, hidden in the lowest on all other maps.
World map for South Africa
South Africa is similar to Australia at the top, and not at the bottom of the card, which makes you perceive it as a country dominating over all others. South Africa turns out to be a peninsula that is inclined between the two oceans: Indian and Atlantic. Pacific and Russia goes to the periphery of the world.
This lesson is the first lesson in the 10th grade. In this lesson, new terms are introduced, briefly said about the main tasks of the study course. Students get acquainted with the importance of the economic and social geography of the world, its features, main concepts. In addition, the lesson considers the peculiarities of the modern political map of the world, its quantitative and high-quality shifts.
Topic: Modern Political World Map
Lesson: Political World Map
Economic and social geography of the world - public science, which studies the patterns of territorial placement of social production, the conditions and features of its development and placement in various countries and areas.
Economic and social geography combines elements of geography, economics, sociology, it widely uses various methods of research both geographic science and other disciplines.
The subject of research of economic and social geography is a territorial aspect of public reproduction in specific socio-historical conditions.
Political card acts as an important tool for mastering geography in 10 and 11th grade. There are more than 230 countries on the modern political map of the world.
Fig. 1. Political map of the world
Types of changes in the political map of the world - various transformation on a political map.
Changes are quantitative and qualitative.
Quantitative changes:
1. Accession to the territory of the state of newly open lands.
2. Acquisition or loss of land after the war.
3. Voluntary concessions.
4. Decay or accession of territories.
Qualitative changes:
1. Changing the political system in the country.
2. Education of military blocks.
3. Education of economic unions.
In economic and social geography, there are two important concepts: borders and territories.
Country border - this is the line and passing through it the vertical surface separating the territory sovereignty of state (Where land, water, subsoil).
The boundaries are established on the basis of agreements between states. There are two ways of designation of state borders:
1. Delimation - definition of borders on the map.
2. Demarkation is the definition and designation of boundaries on the ground with special border signs.
Sovereign state - a politically independent state with independence in domestic and external affairs. The state is the main object of the political map of the world.
The boundaries differ in the method of their holding:
1. Orographic boundaries - are held by natural borders (rivers, mountains, etc.).
Examples: Russia - China, Russia - Georgia, USA - Mexico.
2. Geometric borders - are held on direct lines without regard to the characteristics of the area.
Examples: Niger - Mali, Chad - Libya, Libya - Egypt.
3. Astronomical borders are carried out through points with certain geographic coordinates.
Examples: USA - Canada.
Fig. 2. The border between the USA and Canada
Territory- This is part of the earth's surface with anthropogenic and natural resources inherent in it, conditions.
Territories are state, international and mixed regime.
State territory- section of the surface of the earth, which is under the sovereignty of any state.
The state territory includes land, internal waters, territorial water and subsoil.
Territorial waters are a strip of coastal wedro width from 3 to 12 nautical miles.
1 Maritime Mile - 1852 meters.
Territory with international regime- Territories underlying the limit of state territory. These earthly spaces are in general use of all states in accordance with international law.
Examples can serve Antarctica and space spaces.
The territory with a mixed mode- These are sections of the water area of \u200b\u200bthe world ocean, bottom outside of territorial waters.
Special territorial modes - These are international legal regimes that determine the procedure for using any territory.
Unauthorized territories:
1. Colonies.
2. Overseas Departments or Free Associated States.
The colony- This is a dependent territory, which is under the rule of a foreign state (metropolis), without independent political and economic power, managed on the basis of a special regime.
Examples can serve small island states in the Pacific Ocean.
Currently, on the political map of the world there is a huge number of controversial territories.
Examples of such territories can serve Gibraltar, Falkland Islands, Western Sahara, Kuril Islands, Nagorno-Karabakh.
As a result, arise unrecognized or partially recognized states - territories that independently proclaimed their sovereignty without the consent of the UN.
Examples: Republic of Northern Cyprus, Kosovo, Taiwan.
Homework
Topic 1, P. 1
- What is a colony? In which parts of the globe preserved colonial possessions?
Bibliography
Basic
1. Geography. A basic level of. 10-11 CL: Textbook for general education institutions / A.P. Kuznetsov, E.V. Kim. - 3rd ed., Stereotype. - M.: Drop, 2012. - 367 p.
2. Economic and social geography of the world: studies. for 10 cl. general education institutions / V.P. Maksakovsky. - 13th ed. - M.: Enlightenment, Moscow Tutorials JSC, 2005. - 400 p.
3. Rodionova I.A., Elagin S.A., Kholina V.N., Sholavenko A.N. Economic, social and political geography: peace, regions, countries: educational and reference manual / Ed. prof. I.A. Rodionova. - M.: Ekon-Inform, 2008. - 492 p.
4. Universal Atlas of the World / Yu.N. Blouse, S.Yu. Shokarev. - M.: Design. Information. Cartography: AST: Astrel, 2008. - 312 p.
5. Atlas with a set of contour cards for grade 10. Economic and social geography of the world. - Omsk: FSUE "Omsk Martographic Factory", 2012. - 76 p.
Additional
- Economic and social geography of Russia: a textbook for universities / ed. prof. A.T. Khrushchev. - M.: Drop, 2001. - 672 C.: Il., Cards.: Col. incl.
Encyclopedias, Dictionaries, Directory and Statistical Collections
- Geography: Directory for high school students and entering universities. - 2nd ed., Act. and drab. - M.: AST-PRESS School, 2008. - 656 p.
Literature for preparing for GIA and EGE
1. Measuring materials. Geography: Grade 10 / Sost. E.A. Zhizhin. - M.: Vako, 2012. - 96 p.
2. The most complete publication of typical options for real tasks EGE: 2010: Geography / Sost. Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: Astrel, 2010. - 221 p.
3. Optimal assignment bank to prepare students. Unified State Exam 2012. Geography: Tutorial / Sost. EM. Ambarcumova, S.E. Dukov. - M.: Intellect-Center, 2012. - 256 p.
4. The most complete publication of typical options for real tasks EGE: 2010: Geography / Sost. Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2010. - 223 p.
5. State final certification of graduates of grades in a new form. Geography. 2013: Tutorial / V.V. Drums. - M.: Intellect-Center, 2013. - 80 s.
6. EGE 2010. Geography. Collection of tasks / Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: Eksmo, 2009. - 272 p.
7. Geography tests: Grade 10: to the textbook V.P. Maksakovsky "Economic and Social Geography of the World. Grade 10 "/ E.V. Branches. - 2nd ed., Stereotype. - M.: Publisher "Exam", 2009. - 94 p.