Ethnographic map of the Russian empire. Ethnographic map. See what an "ethnographic map" is in other dictionaries
Russians in the USSR outside the Russian Federation in 1989
Russians in the Caucasus in 1989-2003
Russians in Latvia, 2012
The share of Russians, Belarusians, Ukrainians according to the 2011 census. In the parishes and cities of Latvia.
Russians in Estonia, 2010
The share of Russians among the population of Estonia in 2010 according to the statistics department of Estonia
Russian Old Believers of Estonia
Red color on the map marked settlements Russian Old Believers in Estonia.
Russians in the Baltics, 2001
The share of Russians among the total population of the Baltic countries according to the 2000 and 2001 census
Russians of Ukraine 2001
The share of Russians among the population of different regions (according to the 2001 census)
Russians in Moldova in 2004
The share of Russians among the total population of Moldova according to the 2004 census
SLAVIC LANGUAGES OF EASTERN EUROPE
Slavic languages. According to the publication of the Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences "Languages of the World", volume "Slavic languages", M., 2005
Russians in the USA in 2000
Distribution of Russian Americans according to the 2000 census. US communities with high percentages of people of Russian ancestry The top US communities with the highest percentage of people claiming Russian ancestry are: Pikesville, Maryland 19.30% Roslyn Estates, New York 18.60% Hewlett Harbor, New York 18.40% East Hills, New York 18.00% Wishek, North Dakota 17.40% Eureka, South Dakota 17.30% Beachwood, Ohio 16.80% Penn Wynne, Pennsylvania 16.70% Kensington, New York and Mayfield, Pennsylvania 16.20% Napoleon, North Dakota 15.80% Lake Success, New York 15.60% Woodbury, New York 15.50% Jericho, New York 15.30% Highland Park, Illinois 15.20% Great Neck Estates, New York 14.80% Great Neck Plaza, New York and Roslyn Harbor, New York 14.60% Lido Beach, New York 14.50% Woodmere, New York and Russell Gardens , New York 14.30% Garrison, Maryland and Goldens Bridge, New York 14.00% Thomaston, New York 13.80% Linton, North Dakota and Glen Ullin, North Dakota 13.60% Buffalo Grove, Illinois 13.50% Sharon, Massachusetts 13.20% Lower Moreland Township, Pennsylvania 12.80% Aventura, Flo rida 12.40% Moraine Township, Illinois 12.20% West Hollywood, California 12.10% Viola, New York 12.00% Morganville, New Jersey 11.80% North Hills, New York and Deerfield, Illinois 11.70% Riverwoods, Illinois 11.50% Bal Harbor, Florida 11.40% Chappaqua , New York 11.30% Hidden Hills, California 11.10% Wesley Hills, New York 11.00% Highland Beach, Florida and Atlantic Beach, New York 10.90% Bayside, Wisconsin and Brookville, New York 10.80% Sands Point, New York and both the village and town of Scarsdale, New York 10.70% Huntington Woods, Michigan 10.50% Glencoe, Illinois, Northbrook, Illinois and Vernon Township, Illinois 10.40% Pomona, New York, Lower Merion, Pennsylvania and Palm Beach, Florida 10.30% Plainview, New York 10.20% Fair Lawn, New Jersey, Port Washington North, New York and Mandan, North Dakota 10.10% Millburn, New Jersey 10.00%
Russians in Abkhazia 2011
Russians in Karachay-Cherkessia in 2002
Russians in Dagestan in 1995
Russians in Ossetia and Ingushetia in 1992
Russians in Abkhazia in 1992
Russians in the USSR 1974.
Russians in Central Asia in the USSR in the 1970s.
Russians in the Caucasus in the first half of the 1960s
Ethnographic map of the USSR 1962
Russians in Abkhazia in 1959
Russians in Kabardino-Balkaria in 1959
Russians in Georgia, regions of Kartli and Javakheti in 1959
Russians in Georgia, Kakheti region in 1959
Russians (European part) in 1958
Dialectical maps of Russians in the 20th century (1914 and 1965)
Ethnic map of Dagestan 1953
Ethnographic map of the USSR 1930
Europa Etnograpfica Touring Club Italiano, 1929
clickable ~ 9.55MB
Russians in the Caucasus in 1926
clickable ~ 1.72MB
Russians in Ingushetia in 1926
Ethnographic map of Kabardino-Balkaria in 1926
Ethnographic map of Karachay-Cherkessia 1926
Ethnic map of Europe in 1923
Caucasus. Cossacks before 1921
"Map of the Rass of Europe", Edwin A. Grosvenor, LL.D. & Gilbert Grosvenor, A.M., " National Geographic Magazine ", Washington, 1919
clickable ~ 7.27MB
"Cart Ethnographique de L" Europe ", J. Gabris, "Institut Geographique Kummerly & Frey", Berne, 1918
clickable ~ 9.15MB
"Volkerkarte von Europa", Arthur Haberlandt & G. Freytags, Vienna, 1915
clickable ~ 8.46MB
1763 - 1913.150 years of Russian colonization of the Caucasus under Tsarist Russia
Russians in Moldavia 1923
Ethnic map of the Russian Empire, early 20th century
Ethnographic map of the European part of Russia in 1907
Ethnographic map of the Asian part of Russia in 1905
Ethnographic map of the European part of the Russian Empire in 1898
"Ethnographische karte von Europa", "Brockhaus Konversations-Lexikon" , 14th Edition, Leipzig, 1892-1895
clickable ~ 2.63MB
Russians in the Caucasus. 1890 g.
Ethnographic map of Dagestan at the beginning of the 20th century
"Europa. Volker- und Sprachenkart ", "Meyers Konversations-Lexikon" , 4th Edition, Leipzig, 1885-1890
clickable ~ 0.73MB
"Carte Ethnographique de L" Europe ", J. Geisendorfer, "La Géographie militaire de A. Marga", Paris, 1885
clickable ~ 3.01MB
"Volkerkarte von Russland"
clickable ~ 8.83MB
"Volkerkarte von Asien", Richard Andree, Leipzig, 1881
clickable ~ 8.88MB
"Etnographic map of Europe", Richard Andree, 1895
clickable ~ 9.22MB
A.F. Rittich. Map of the Western and South Slavs. 1885
(Rittich F.A. Slavic world. Historical and geographical research. Warsaw, 1885.)
A.F. Rittich. Ethnographic map European Russia. 1875
"Ethnographic map of European Russia", « Detailed atlas Of the Russian Empire with the plans of the main cities ", A. Ilyin's Cartographic Establishment, St. Petersburg, 1871 (unfortunately, not the most the best quality scan)
clickable ~ 2.03MB
Alaska settlements inhabited by Russians before 1867 (excluding Fort Ross in California, sold to Americans in 1841).
Ethnographische Karte von Europa, Heinrich Berghaus, Gotha, 1847
clickable ~ 8.92MB
Russians in the Caucasus in 1774
East Slavic languages in 1389
Slavic dialects in the XII-XIV centuries
Various Russophobic dreamers should also know this information:
"According to the research results, two groups of Russian populations are distinguished ... In particular, northern Russians Y-chromosomal markers have a more pronounced similarity with distant Balts than with those closer
All of us, from school, are familiar with the catch phrase: "Russia is a prison of nations." 13 peoples have already disappeared from the ethnographic map of Russia, and several dozen more are on the verge of extinction.
If there is ever a trial of the Russian Empire, then the main accusers, in addition to historians, should be ethnologists who will tell the court about how many peoples disappeared during the reign of the Russian tsars and Bolshevik leaders. 13 peoples have already disappeared from the ethnographic map of Russia, and several dozen more are on the verge of extinction. The empire needed land to console its pride, and the Russian tsars needed new subjects - obedient, not spiteful and ready to become a "single family." In fact, they were supposed to become, against their wishes, future Russians: the official Russian historiography has been thoroughly cleaned up for the curious, in textbooks you will not find information, for example, about the 150-year Russian-Chukchi war or the long-term resistance of the peoples of Southern Siberia - the Khakass, Tuvans, Buryats.
All these peoples, who decided to defend their right to be free with the help of weapons, seemed to understand what awaited them in the future - that at first they would be declared "Russians", then they would be forcibly christened, and the Bolsheviks would finish off - deprive them of the opportunity to live as they lived for many centuries. ancestors: they were forbidden to hunt and fish, to engage in traditional crafts. Torn away from their roots, inclined by the empire to Orthodoxy, by the Bolsheviks to atheism, the indigenous peoples of Siberia and the Far East were able to preserve only a little, in particular, shamanism, which is now perceived as exotic. And the disappeared and disappearing peoples turned into dead and still living exhibits of the museum of the crimes of the Russian Empire.
The enumeration of the disappeared peoples is already a useless occupation, but try to imagine that 100-200 years ago peoples and tribes lived on the territory of the empire - all, Golyad, Kamasinians, Kerkets, melanchlens, Merya, Meschera, motors, Muroma, Polovtsy, Ugrians, chud zavolochskaya, evremeys. They, like the larger peoples, were conquered in order to become "Russians", fulfilling the wishes of the Russian tsars to strengthen the Russian State and form a "Russian people", which did not exist, but really wanted it to be. With each conquest of another territory, which was exquisitely called "the gathering of Russian lands," the population that survived after years of resistance grew. Muscovy, in the 17th century, consisted of only 4 million people, a couple of centuries later turned into an empire with a population of more than 100 million people, for the most part subjected to forced assimilation.
For the sake of objectivity, one should still distinguish between the policies of the Russian Empire and the Bolsheviks, although it is difficult to say which of them is more monstrous. The empire seized territories, turning the population into "Russian Orthodox", the Soviet government finished off the peoples with all kinds of prohibitions, turning them into a "Soviet people" - without faith, without history, without language and without culture. The entire Soviet people lived according to the rules invented in Moscow, and these rules deprived the peoples of their traditional way of life, turning former hunters and fishermen, shepherds and gatherers into collective farm peasants. When to graze deer or sheep, the traditions of their ancestors, not established by thousands of years of experience, were decided by an official in Moscow, who, most likely, never saw any camps or pastures. The Soviet people had to carry out orders for the milk yield and shearing of sheep, everything was erased from their memory - rituals and traditions, songs and legends of their ancestors. Soviet ethnographers diligently collected material for their dissertations and books, as if they understood that soon all this would disappear.
The most terrible thing is to observe the disappearance of peoples now, already on the territory of modern Russia. To see a drinking-drinking population in the villages of the Shors in the south of the Kemerovo region or the Khanty, Mansi and Eskimos, who moved to the cities and forgot their traditions. Almost no one already knows about mushers, Kamchadals, few people say that 60 percent of Russian oil is extracted on the land of the Khanty and Mansi, and the peoples themselves have become outcasts on their own land. Khanty make up only 1.2 percent of the population of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, Mansi is even less - 0.7 percent. According to statistics, there are several times more Ukrainians in the district, and Russians make up the overwhelming majority - almost 70 percent of the population. Once the traditional reindeer husbandry has become exotic, from the numerous herds left a little more than three tens of thousands of heads. Now about two thousand children of the Mansi people and a little more than three thousand of the Khanty people study in the district's schools in their native language.
Formed under Soviet rule on the conquered lands beyond the Ural ridge, national territories - republics or districts - contain ethnonyms, references to indigenous peoples only in their names. In fact, the indigenous peoples are in the overwhelming minority there. In Chukotka autonomous region the Chukchi themselves make up only about 25 percent of the population, even less, on the brink of extinction, there are representatives of other indigenous peoples - the Eskimos, Evens and Chuvans. This ratio was created not only due to assimilation during the years of Bolshevism, but also due to the long, about 150 years, Russian-Chukchi war - from 1641 to 1776. History preserves the events of that time, the cruelty and persistence of the occupiers. Captain of the Tobolsk Dragoon Regiment Dmitry Pavlutsky was distinguished by disproportionate cruelty, when in 1731 he, at the head of a detachment of more than 400 people, undertook a punitive operation against the Chukchi: “And on May 9 he reached the first chyukoch yurts sitting near that sea, in which the former chyukoch were beaten ... from that place in a short distance ... one seated yurt and the chyukoch who were in it were beaten ... And he reached their Chyukots prison ... and there were up to eight yurts in that prison, which were ravaged and burned. "
The Russian-Chukchi war ended with the seizure of lands, but not the conquest of the people, uprisings were feared until the end of the 19th century. The military boasted that they had killed more than 10 thousand Chukchi, but the survivors also slowly perished not only from the fact that the punishers exterminated many deer. Together with the Russians, infectious diseases came to the Chukchi through the Koryaks, Chuvans and Yukaghirs, for example, syphilis: syphilis is called in Chukchi “Chuvan disease”, “Russian disease”. Along with the Russians came alcoholism, which killed the remaining peoples. The peoples of the Far North and Siberia do not have the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, which breaks down alcohol, and the "fire water" brought by the Russians slowly killed people. In Australia, the USA and Canada, there are restrictions on the sale of alcohol in places of compact settlement of indigenous peoples - for this very reason. Nobody thought about it in Russia.
Mushers, Koryaks, Voguls, Mansi, Nganasans, Nenets, Nivkhs, Selkups, Kets, Tofalars, Itelmens, Dolgans, Udegeys, Nenets and Eskimos are peoples whose numbers range from several hundred to several thousand. The most numerous people are the Mansi, there are slightly more than 30 thousand people. Thanks to the oil in their land, more than a dozen people have become billionaires, but not the Mansi themselves. On the verge of extinction, small peoples in other parts of Russia - go to Leningrad region, Archins in Dagestan. It is hard to imagine what will become of these peoples in 30 or 50 years - most likely, they will disappear and become lines in the list of those who exist only in ethnographic reference books. There is no hope that the current Russian government will make efforts to save them.
The limited volume of the book does not allow us to dwell in detail on the further ethnic history of the peoples of the world. This history is becoming more and more complex and diverse with the growth of the population, the development of its productive forces, the complication of social organization, etc. the progress of culture. Movements (migrations) are becoming more and more widespread, the rates of mixing and economic and cultural interaction between individual peoples and their entire groups, often living far from each other, are growing.
Answering the question of how the modern ethnic map of the world was formed, we will focus only on those ethnic processes that played the greatest role in the formation of this map.
Of great importance for the ethnic history of Europe, Asia and North Africa was the so-called great migration of peoples, which took place in the IV-IX centuries, when feudal states were formed on the ruins of ancient empires in most countries of this part of the ecumene and at the same time the process of formation of new ethnic groups began, from of which many still exist today. It was at this time that the settlement of the Slavs took place. Eastern Europe and their development of almost the entire Balkan Peninsula, the spread of the Germans across Central and Northern Europe and their penetration into the British Isles, where the Celts used to live, the formation of the Romanesque peoples as a result of the mixing of the Latinized population of various provinces of the former Roman Empire with the "barbarian tribes" that invaded its borders and a lot contributed to its final disintegration.
The above-mentioned movement to the west of the Huns at the end of the 4th century. reached Europe, where they founded in the Danube basin a large but fragile state with an ethnically very mixed population. Following the Huns, other Turkic tribes came to Eastern Europe - the Khazars, Avars, Bulgarians, Pechenegs, Polovtsians, etc. One of the groups of Bulgarians climbed the Volga and played a prominent role in the ethnogenesis of the Chuvash and Tatars, and the other, passing in 679. Danube, dissolved south of it among the Slavs, passing on its name to the Bulgarian people. In the VIII-IX centuries. from the South Urals to the Middle Danube the Hungarians (Magyars) moved, in language related to the Ugrians of Western Siberia - Khanty and Mansi. Mass movements of the Turkic peoples took place in Southern Siberia, Central and Central Asia, where in the second half of the 1st millennium AD. NS. a number of successive tribal associations and states were formed, which included very heterogeneous ethnic communities. At the end of the 5th century. a large group of Central Asian Iranian-speaking tribes of the Hephthalites (White Huns) moved to India, where they founded a large state on the territory of the former Kushan Empire. From VI - early VII century. the Arab conquests began, accompanied by the resettlement of the Arabs in the countries of Western Asia and North Africa and their assimilation of the local population.
Great migration of peoples:.
a - medieval Chinese images of the Huns;
In the East and Southeast of Asia, where in the I and early II millennium AD. NS. feudal relations also developed, during this time many ethnic processes, already discussed above, continued. The ethnic and, at the same time, state consolidation of Koreans and Japanese is coming to an end. The Chinese, who called themselves "Han" (after the dynasty of the 3rd century BC), gradually develop the territories south of Qinling, where they mix with various peoples, passing on their language to them and, in turn, borrowing from them various economic and cultural skills. They split into local groups, very different from each other. In Indochina, the ethnic and political territories of the Vietnamese, Burmese and Thai are expanding at the expense of the Mon-Khmers and Indonesians (in particular, the Cham). Malays settled from Sumatra, who mastered Malacca, and then spread to almost all of Indonesia, interacting with other groups of Indonesians related to them and forming a number of new ethnic groups. Since the first centuries of the new era, several feudal states arose here, of which the largest in the 7th-13th centuries. there were Srivijaya in southeast Sumatra and later Majapahit in central Java. It was dependent on the latter state until the end of the 15th century. a significant part of Indonesia, and possibly the Philippines.
In the first half of the 2nd millennium AD. NS. a great influence on the ethnic history of Asia and Europe was exerted by the conquests of the Mongols, who conquered other, mainly Turkic, peoples who entered the 13th century. into the vast, albeit ephemeral empire of Genghis Khan and his successors. As a result of the Mongol conquests, accompanied by the displacement of entire ethnic communities over huge distances, the mixing between peoples of different origins sharply increased and the preconditions were created for the formation of new ethnic groups in Central, Central and Western Asia, the Caucasus and Eastern Europe. An example of these ethnic processes is the emergence of various groups of Tatars in Siberia, the Volga-Kama region, the Crimea and some other regions of our country. Following the Mongol-Tatars, new groups of Turkic peoples penetrated to the Caucasus and Asia Minor, and somewhat later to the Balkan Peninsula - the Oguzes, akin to the modern Central Asian Turkmens; they mixed with the local population and played a significant role in the formation of new ethnic groups, including Azerbaijanis and Ottoman Turks, who crushed in the 15th century. Byzantium and conquered many peoples of Southeast Europe and North Africa for several centuries. Around the same time, the spread of the Bantu-speaking tribes from the eastern and central regions of the African continent to its entire southern half was completed. By the end of the 15th century, almost all ethnic groups that exist today had developed in Asia, Europe and Africa.
The birth and then the development of capitalism in Europe and the closely related resettlement of large masses of Europeans in the 16th-19th centuries were of colossal importance for the ethnic history of the whole world. to America, Australia, Oceania and South Africa. The main role in these grandiose migrations was played first by the Spaniards and the Portuguese, and later by the Dutch, French and especially the British. Many groups of these peoples, cut off from their maternal ethnic groups, gave rise to completely new ethnic communities in new habitats. In their formation, in some cases, the main role was played by the indigenous aboriginal population of the colonial countries, in other cases - by the descendants of immigrants from Europe, since the aborigines were almost completely exterminated, artificially isolated or driven out of their ethnic territories. The first path was followed by the formation of the peoples of Mexico, many countries of Central and South America. The second path of ethnic development is characteristic of Canada, the USA, Argentina, Uruguay, Australia, many islands of Oceania - New Zealand, Hawaii, etc. days 2.9 million people and speak a special language "Afrikaans", close to Dutch, but different from it in many features. In some American countries, especially on the Caribbean islands, Venezuela, Brazil and Guyana, along with European immigrants and Indians, the descendants of slaves of African descent played an important role in ethnic history.
Among the most important ethnic processes of the 16th - early 20th centuries. the resettlement of Russians in Siberia, and partly also in the Caucasus and Central Asia. Unlike many other peoples, Russian settlers almost never broke away from their native ethnic group. However, their economic and cultural differentiation in new places and mixing with the indigenous population often led to the emergence of new ethnographic groups within the Russian people itself. In Siberia, the most dramatic cultural and everyday differences developed between the old-timers, the descendants of immigrants in the 17th and early 19th centuries, the new settlers, which consisted of the bulk of the poorest peasants who moved beyond the Urals during the period of developed capitalism after the reforms of the 60s. At the same time, along with the Russians, significant groups of Ukrainians, Belarusians, Latvians, Estonians, Tatars, Komi, Mordovians and other peoples moved to different regions of the Asian part of the country. These settlers partially retained their languages, cultural characteristics and self-awareness, and partially gradually merged with the neighboring more numerous population (most often Russian).
Thus, by the beginning of the XX century. the modern ethnic map of the world has developed in its basic outlines. Of course, ethnic processes (in particular, migration) continued later, they continue to this day. The decisive influence on their essence and direction was exerted by the Great October Socialist Revolution, which opened new era in the history of all mankind - the era of communism. However, the ethnic processes of the post-October period, continuing in most cases to this day, are not the past for us, but living modernity. They play a huge role in all phenomena of our socio-political and cultural life.
basmanov in 1 part. A Brief History of Russians in Maps. II millennium ADWhen you click on some maps, a larger-scale option appears.
Russians in RF
Ethnic map of the USSR 1974.
Ethnographic map of the USSR 1962
Russians (European part) in 1958
Dialectical maps of Russians in the 20th century (1914 and 1965)
Ethnographic map of the USSR 1930
Europa Etnograpfica Touring Club Italiano, 1929
clickable ~ 9.55MB
Ethnic map of Europe in 1923
"Map of the Rass of Europe", Edwin A. Grosvenor, LL.D. & Gilbert Grosvenor, A.M., National Geographic Magazine, Washington, 1919
clickable ~ 7.27MB
"Cart Ethnographique de L" Europe ", J. Gabris, "Institut Geographique Kummerly & Frey", Berne, 1918
clickable ~ 9.15MB
"Volkerkarte von Europa", Arthur Haberlandt & G. Freytags, Vienna, 1915
clickable ~ 8.46MB
Ethnic map of the Russian Empire, early 20th century
Ethnographic map of the Asian part of Russia in 1905
Ethnographic map of the European part of the Russian Empire in 1898
"Ethnographische karte von Europa", "Brockhaus Konversations-Lexikon" , 14th Edition, Leipzig, 1892-1895
clickable ~ 2.63MB
"Europa. Volker- und Sprachenkart ", "Meyers Konversations-Lexikon" , 4th Edition, Leipzig, 1885-1890
clickable ~ 0.73MB
"Carte Ethnographique de L" Europe ", J. Geisendorfer, "La Géographie militaire de A. Marga", Paris, 1885
clickable ~ 3.01MB
"Volkerkarte von Russland"
clickable ~ 8.83MB
"Volkerkarte von Asien", Richard Andree, Leipzig, 1881
clickable ~ 8.88MB
"Etnographic map of Europe", Richard Andree, 1895
clickable ~ 9.22MB
A.F. Rittich. Map of the Western and South Slavs. 1885
(Rittich F.A. Slavic world. Historical and geographical research. Warsaw, 1885.)
A.F. Rittich. Ethnographic map of European Russia. 1875
"Ethnographic map of European Russia", "A detailed atlas of the Russian Empire with the plans of the main cities", A. Ilyin's Cartographic Establishment, St. Petersburg, 1871 (unfortunately, not the best scan quality)
clickable ~ 2.03MB
Ethnographische Karte von Europa, Heinrich Berghaus, Gotha, 1847
clickable ~ 8.92MB
East Slavic languages in 1389
Various Russophobic dreamers should also know this information:
"According to the research results, two groups of Russian populations are distinguished ... In particular, northern Russians Y-chromosomal markers have a more pronounced similarity with distant Balts than with those closer Finno-Ugric peoples. By mtDNA northern Russians have similarities with gene pools Western and Central Europe ... At the same time, the gene pool of the Finnish peoples is as distant as possible from the northern Russians. Study autosomal markers also brings northern Russians closer to other European peoples and calls into question the Finno-Ugric stratum in the northern Russian gene pool. These data allow us to put forward a hypothesis about the preservation of the ancient pale European substrate that experienced intensive migrations of ancient Slavic tribes ... Based on research results Y-chromosomal markers The South-Central group, to which the overwhelming majority of Russian populations belong, is included in the general cluster with
Ethnographic map
Ethnographic map
a map of the location of ethnic groups, elements of their traditional material and spiritual culture. The map reflects the number of ethnic groups, their belonging to a particular race, origin (ethnogenesis), development and settlement. In addition, they show the spread of languages (linguistic groups), dialects, religions, beliefs and religious rites, the nature of housekeeping, crafts, peculiarities of dwellings, clothing, food, etc. In some cases, the cards convey the interaction of ethnic groups with environment and interethnic relations.
Geography. Modern illustrated encyclopedia. - M .: Rosman. Edited by prof. A.P. Gorkina. 2006 .
See what an "ethnographic map" is in other dictionaries:
- (Italian carta, lat. charta paper). 1) a quadrangular piece of paper, which depicts the signs of one of the four card suits... 2) a drawing of the sky, earth, sea, etc. (geographical maps). 3) a list of food and drink in hotels. Vocabulary… … Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
MAP, cards, wives. (German Karte, from Lat. charta). 1. Drawing of the part the earth's surface, the same as the landcard (geogr.). Map of Europe. || The same with predominant consideration, according to the rules of cartography, of certain special features ... ... Dictionary Ushakova
CARD, s, wives. 1. Drawing of the surface of the Earth, a celestial body or the starry sky. Map scale. Political K. Europe. Ethnographic c. Of the world. K. Moon. Astronomical K. 2. One of the dense sheets of deck 2, differing in color (in 2 values), ... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary
map- NS; f. see also. cards, card 1) a) Drawing of the earth's surface. Geographic map. Map scale. Map the shores of the bay. Ethnographic, n ... Dictionary of many expressions
NS; f. 1. Drawing of the earth's surface. Geographic map. Map scale. Map the shores of the bay. Ethnographic, political, naval classification (such a drawing with predominantly taking into account one or another special feature). // Drawing of the starry sky ... encyclopedic Dictionary
An ethnographic map of Eastern and Western Thrace at the beginning of the 20th century (1912) shows how motley was not so long ago the ethnic composition of the population of the region where Bulgarians lived ... Wikipedia