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Which chess piece moves only diagonally. Name of chess pieces. Chessmen. Pawn

The game of chess is inexhaustible, the number of moves in one game can be quite large, but not everyone knows how the pieces move in chess. For this reason, many amateur players play chess by their own rules every day, without even realizing that they are doing it incorrectly.

In this case, you should figure out where chess came from, the name of the pieces, and how they move in this or that case. Great amount moves tend to scare off newbies, although in reality there is absolutely nothing to be afraid of. Having delved into the game, all difficulties will instantly disappear, because all the variety of positions and all kinds of chess combinations is based on elementary movements of figures.

A Brief History of Chess

To date, the exact origin of chess is still unknown, although there are several good versions. One of them claims that the game originated in India more than two millennia ago. Historians who adhere to this version say that chess is the result of the development of other games that are similar to them. The game that many people use now became known only in the 15th century, and it also gained popularity in Europe.

Even though no one knows where this game came to us, we know the rules of chess, how the pieces move and how you can win by deception.

Purpose of the game

Surely many people know that the game requires a board with exactly 64 squares marked (alternating dark and light), and the players must take places opposite each other. The game of chess seems to us incomprehensible, but at the same time extremely simple. How the pieces move will be described below, but for now you need to familiarize yourself with the purpose of the game.

Each player has exactly 16 pieces:

  • king;
  • queen;
  • 2 rooks;
  • 2 elephants;
  • 2 horses;
  • 8 pawns.

The goal of chess is to checkmate the opponent's king. Checkmate is a situation when one of the kings is threatened in the form of an opponent's piece, that is, the king is already in check and cannot escape this position in any way.

Start

Before starting the game, you should set up the board so that both opponents have a light square in the lower right corner. Next, the figures are arranged in rows:

  1. Rooks in the corners, knights nearby, then bishops. In the center there is a queen (on a cell of the same color as the figure itself) and a king is placed next to it on an empty cell.
  2. The next row consists entirely of pawns.

The player who chose the light-colored pieces must go first. If a dispute arises over who will play what chess, you can toss a coin (“heads or tails”) or blindly choose one or another piece (what color it turns out to be, that’s what all the others will be).

Now we need to understand how the pieces move in chess. For beginners, this may seem difficult at first, although in fact there is nothing special about it.

How pieces move in chess

Each figure has its own trajectory of movement. To understand how pieces move in chess, you don’t need to rack your brains, since these rules are extremely simple and can be memorized very quickly.

You just need to understand the main points:

  1. When making a move, some pieces do not pass through others.
  2. You cannot go to a square occupied by your own piece.
  3. Before making a move, you need to think about how and which piece to position in such a way that it defends its territory and can capture the opponent’s piece in this or the next move.

King

Now we should consider each of the figures separately. For successful game It is not enough just to know the basic facts about how pieces move in chess. For children and adults, the most interesting figure is the king. He is at the same time the most important, but also the weakest. He has the ability to move exclusively one cell, but in absolutely any direction, including diagonally. In addition, he cannot stand on a square that is already in check, that is, where he will immediately be captured by an opponent’s piece.

Queen

People of any age can be interested in chess. Not everyone knows what the pieces are called and how they walk. It is worth noting that only those people who have experience playing chess are familiar with the name of this figure. The rest call the queen queen.

The queen is the strongest and most powerful piece. He, like the king, can move in any direction. Unlike the previous piece, it has the ability to move any number of cells, but without jumping over other pieces.

Rook

The question of how pieces move in chess, and especially the strongest ones, is quite popular not only among beginners, but also among amateurs. The rook is a unique piece that combines the capabilities of both the king and the queen. That is, she can move any number of cells, but only vertically or horizontally. In addition, the rook can easily take part in castling along with the king.

Elephant

The bishop belongs to the category of light pieces and can move any number of cells, but only diagonally. It is worth noting that at the very beginning of the game, one elephant occupies a dark square, and the second - a light one. During the entire game, they cannot change the original color in any way, so each player has two pieces that can go diagonally and capture the opponent’s piece on both a dark and light square. Both bishops must always work together and cover weak sides each other.

Horse

The only, and therefore unique, combat unit of chess is the knight. Only he has the ability to jump over the other pieces. He walks exclusively in the letter "G". That is, first it moves two cells horizontally or vertically, and then one cell, which is perpendicular to the original direction. Due to the fact that the knight has the ability to jump over other pieces, it can make a check to the king, from which he is not able to defend himself.

Pawn

Many people probably know which pieces go first in chess. But how exactly they walk is a more complicated question. A rather unusual piece - a pawn - can only move forward one square and only diagonally. On the very first move, the pawn can move a couple of squares forward. Under no circumstances can she go backwards. If any piece is located directly in front of it, then the pawn has no opportunity to either capture it or make a move until the space in front becomes free.

Transformation

At first glance, the pawn seems to be an unnecessary piece, since it is too weak. But she has one interesting feature, which only experienced players know about. It lies in the fact that if a pawn goes all the way to the opposite side, it becomes any other piece (this phenomenon is called “pawn promotion”). Only this piece can do this and, as a rule, it is turned into a queen. There is also a misconception that it can only transform into one of the previously taken figures, but in reality this is not the case.

Taking on the pass

Another rule that concerns only pawns is called “en passant capture.” It lies in the fact that if a pawn made the first move two squares and stood side by side with the opponent’s pawn, then the second has the opportunity to “eat” the first, that is, to take on the pass, which is where the name comes from. This situation can only be used during the next move, that is, immediately after the pawn moves two squares. If the opportunity was missed, then in subsequent moves it will be impossible to capture the piece.

Castling

An equally important rule, called “castling,” is to carry out two important actions in one move. The first is to secure the king, and the second is to remove the rook from the corner, thereby launching it into the game. When castling, the player has the opportunity to move his own king a couple of squares to the right or left side, as well as move the rook from the corner to the square next to the king (on the opposite side). But there are several conditions under which castling is permitted:

  • Before this, the king had not made a single move;
  • the corresponding rook also never moved;
  • there are no other pieces between the king and the rook;
  • the king is not in check at this time.

In the direction of the king's side, the king himself is located closer to the edge of the chessboard, which is called "short castling", and the opposite ("long castling") will be the same action, but across the entire field to the place where the queen was previously located. But with any of these options, the king can only move a couple of squares.

Checkmate

As already mentioned, the main task of the players is to checkmate the opponent’s king. This will be the end of the game when the main piece is under threat of check and has no way to escape it. But there are still several methods by which you can escape the check:

  • move to another square (except for the castling method);
  • close with another figure;
  • capture the piece that put the check.

If there are no such possibilities, then the king is checkmated and the game ends. As a rule, the king is not removed from the board, as is done with captured pieces, but the game is simply declared over.

Draw

Very often the game ends in a draw. There are five reasons for this:

  • lack of pieces on the board for checkmate;
  • 50 moves have already been made, and during this time none of the opponents moved a pawn or was able to capture a single piece;
  • the usual agreement of both players to a draw;
  • the occurrence of a stalemate, that is, some player does not have the opportunity to make a move;
  • if the same position is observed on the board for the third time (not in a row).

In most cases, when a draw is declared, the players by common consent begin the game again.

Artyom's secret dream is to walk. Unfortunately, the Oblaka charity foundation cannot fulfill this New Year's wish of a boy diagnosed with cerebral palsy. But giving him the opportunity to do what he loves is quite possible. Now Artyom’s whole life is in chess.

The Clouds Charitable Foundation is announcing a fundraiser for the purchase of an electronic chessboard so that 15-year-old Artem, like many children, will also have a New Year's surprise under the Christmas tree.

The collection amount is 37,900 rubles. To date, thanks to responsive and caring people, we have managed to collect 28 thousand in a fairly short period of time. Only 9,900 rubles left.

When you see Artyom’s smile for the first time, it is absolutely impossible not to fall in love with it. His kind and radiant eyes simply attract you. You look at the boy and feel incredible warmth, you literally physically feel the purity of his heart. Artem is an unusual teenager. He is only 15 years old and confined to a wheelchair. According to doctors, forever.

Sometimes fate determines for us a path on this earth that we cannot change. But how to explain this to a future man who so wants to walk, run, and live a full, rich life? Like an ordinary person...

Artem stopped by “Oblaka” on his way to therapeutic gymnastics. It was not possible to park the car on the side of the street where the fund’s office is located. Artem cannot walk on his own, and it was impossible to force him to get out of the car across the slippery road. Moving in such conditions is difficult, even scary to some extent. And so it happened that the employees of the charity foundation met the wonderful Artem, who over three years of participation in various chess tournaments already 7 medals, took place right in the car.

To the question: “What is your most cherished dream?” Artyom answered so confidently, as if if you woke him up in the middle of the night, he would say the same thing without hesitation: “Only one thing - to walk.”

Artem believes that if he continues to do strength exercises at the Patriot club, his back will become stronger, his fingers will become obedient, and he will be able not only to play chess more calmly, but also to write letters, essays and type texts on the keyboard.

When Artem was 9 years old, his grandmother Galina Mikhailovna sat down on the edge of his bed and placed the chess board on his lap. “Now you and I will play chess,” she said in a peremptory tone, and in just a few months Artyom not only learned to play chess, but also began to beat his grandmother.

Artyom remembers this day very clearly, when his hands first tried to grab a chess piece. How much effort he had to make to tame the spasticity of his hands and skillfully move the pieces on the chessboard.

While Artem told the foundation about his passion and dreams, his mother recalled the moment of Artem’s birth and what happened after. Artem was not born easily. The birth was very difficult, and for the first 6 hours Artem could not breathe on his own. In these very first and important six hours of his life in our world, the worst thing happened to him - a cerebral hemorrhage, which confined him to bed and made him a hostage in a stroller.

Natasha and Vyacheslav (Artem's parents - editor's note) decided not to give up. They fought for his life and for his intellect from the very first days. There were no opportunities for expensive treatment, but the father took on the most complex construction projects for finishing and grabbed any job to pay for his son’s treatment.

And now Vyacheslav disappears for days at work so that Artem has the opportunity to attend additional sections, circles and clubs. Artyom's day is scheduled minute by minute, and this does not allow him to lose heart. All these activities, meeting people, studying at school and constantly traveling to tournaments seem to help him feel that he is the same as all his peers.

Artem has almost everything that a teenager with cerebral palsy could dream of in life: a loving mother and father, two little brothers and his own house, which was built by his father’s hands. Only sometimes there is not enough money for simple things. Because his father is trying to give everything for Artem so that his rehabilitation is not interrupted for a single day. His parents also believe that Artem will be able to walk. Some day.

In the meantime, with your support, the Clouds Foundation can make Artem's secret wish come true. He wished for it after his first time at the chess club " White Rook"I saw real electronic chess. Previously, he had only read about them and seen them on TV. But now he had a chance to touch them and play them.

Electronic chess is not just a tablet with arranging pieces. This is a DGT electronic chessboard with pieces. With its help, you can broadcast to the Internet in real time all the moves made on the board, as well as the readings of the chess clock (supports the DGT 3000 chess clock). You can connect additional boards to the board (up to 12 pieces). All games played on all boards can be broadcast online. Parts are automatically saved and can then be exported to PGN format. It is possible to analyze every move made. These are the boards that are used in all chess tournaments, including the World Chess Championship. All the outstanding chess players of our time, such as Carlsen, Karjakin, Anand, Kramnik, Topalov, Aronian, Morozevich, Gelfand, Svidler, Ivanchuk, played on exactly the same board.

It is simply vital for Artem for the simple reason that you can play on this board from a prone position. When Artem plays regular chess, after 30 minutes of a tense sitting position, Artem’s back muscles cramp. And it’s very difficult for a boy to keep his back straight. When Artem’s mother and his aunt, when contacting the foundation, said that this is not the most important thing in life and they understand this, and it is unlikely that “Oblaka” will undertake to help them, the employees of the charity foundation could not stand aside.

How difficult it is to compare two completely different destinies in our world at the same time. Here is a baby who is healthy, and he can walk, run and talk, play, misbehave and draw. But he doesn’t have his own home, doesn’t have a father, and doesn’t have a full breakfast.

And here is a teenager, Artem, who cannot walk or run and whose friends do not have healthy teenagers, but only special children like him. He found meaning in life - chess, and became a real champion in his category. He has a happy family, even if it is simple, ordinary, but they are always next to him. And he dreams of chess.

Comparison is excruciatingly painful and difficult. After all, the wishes of these two completely different children are equivalent for the fund.

And the foundation decided to help Artem and become his friends. After all, he will have real tournaments ahead. And the “Oblakov” team really wants to take part and develop his talent. Help the boy become a real champion.

The magic of the New Year is unique, which means that today, by making every effort and uniting, caring people will be able to collect the necessary balance of funds to buy real electronic chess for Artem.

The DGT electronic chessboard with pieces costs 37,900 rubles, and it must be ordered from Moscow. The Clouds Foundation covers the transportation costs and invites everyone who believes in New Year's miracles and believes in brave Artem to make a donation and help make the wish of the amazing teenager of the city of Barnaul come true.

Details for translation with the message: “To Artem the champion!”

  • donation via the website: www.fondoblaka.com/pozhertvovat
  • through Sberbank-online No. 4276020427762163, registered to Jamilya Alibulatovna S. (director of the fund);
  • by phone number linked to your Sberbank card: +79609612442, Semenenko D.A.;
  • send an SMS to short number 3434 with the code word Cloud 300 (the amount after the space can be from 50 rubles).
  • For each donation method, it is important to include the name of the family you choose to help. Here is the message: “To Artem the champion!”

    IN chess game There are 6 types of pieces involved - king, queen, rook, knight, bishop, pawn. At the beginning of the game, each player has 16 pieces at his disposal: a king, a queen, two rooks, two bishops, two knights, and eight pawns. There are a total of 32 pieces on the board.
    The starting position of the pieces looks like this:

    Pawn

    The pawn, the only piece that can only move forward, cannot move back. The nominal value of a pawn is 1 point.


    In the initial position (white - on the 2nd rank, black - on the 7th), the player can move the pawn one or two squares forward. After the first move, the pawn can only be moved forward one square per move. A pawn can capture enemy pieces one square forward diagonally to the right and left. A pawn captures pieces according to one rule, but moves differently. This is what distinguishes her from other figures.

    This is a project for beginners, approved by our readers, in which you or your child can improve their playing skills, complete a chess level, and in a short time grow to a prize-winner of regional tournaments. The teachers are FIDE masters, online training.

    The pawn is connected to two interesting rules in chess. The essence of the first rule is as follows. (8th for white and 1st for black) and turns into any piece except the king. This transformation is one move, and the next move goes to the opponent.

    The second rule is taking on the pass. During its move, a pawn can capture the opponent's pawn if it has moved.

    In Fig. 3 the white pawn moved two squares forward. A black pawn can capture a white one and end up on the captured square, and not on the square where the white pawn is, as happens during normal captures. It is possible to capture on the pass only during the next move; after a move, this right is lost.

    Horse

    The horse moves along an unusual trajectory, reminiscent of the letter “G” - it moves 2 squares forward and one square to the side. Of all the pieces, only the knight can jump over its own and other people’s pieces. The knight can attack any enemy piece while being out of reach of them. When struck, the knight takes the place of the knocked down piece. The nominal value of a horse is 3 points. Located in the center of the board, it has 8 available moves, while the corner square has only two.

    IN real life“to make a knight’s move” means to perform some unusual or cunning move.

    Elephant

    The elephant is a strong, long-range figure. A bishop has a face value of 3 points and is roughly equal in strength to a knight. This comparison is somewhat arbitrary, since in an open position the bishop can be stronger than the knight, and in a closed position the knight is often stronger than the bishop. The knight and bishop are considered “minor pieces” in chess.

    The bishop moves and strikes in all directions diagonally to any number of squares, as shown in the figure. An elephant that moves on white squares is called light-squared, and on black squares it is called dark-squared.

    Rook

    The rook, like the queen, is considered a heavy piece. Its nominal value is 5 points. and hits vertically and horizontally for any number of cells.

    A specific move in a chess game is castling. Castling is correctly performed as follows: the king is moved 2 squares to the rook and the rook is moved behind the king. Castling can be done subject to the following conditions:

    • the king and the rook with which castling occurs have not made moves in the game before;
    • there are no other pieces on the horizontal between the king and the rook;
    • the king is not under attack by the enemy piece;
    • the field through which the king moves and the field on which he stands are not under the blows of the enemy pieces.

    Long castling is performed towards the queenside, short castling - towards the kingside.

    You cannot move the rook first. There is a rule in chess: if you take it, move. If you first move the rook to the king, the opponent has the right to demand that the move be considered completed, and castling will not take place. Castling is the only move in chess where two pieces make the same move.

    Queen

    The queen is the strongest piece in chess, with a nominal value of 10 points. The queen moves in all directions vertically, horizontally and diagonally to any number of squares on the board. The queen is an important piece. He is strong and mobile, effective in attack and defense. The queen must be protected from attacks from enemy pieces. Losing the queen or exchanging it for a piece of lesser value leaves little chance of winning.

    Equally, a queen can be exchanged for a queen, two rooks or three minor enemy pieces. There are times when an experienced chess player specifically gives up the queen to achieve a certain goal in the game. This is called "sacrifice". Beginning amateurs need to remember that the queen must be preserved and used as the strongest piece.

    King

    The king is the most important piece in chess and has no face value. The game is lost when the king dies - he gets checkmate. The king cannot be kept under attack by enemy pieces. He needs constant protection. Like the queen, the king moves and strikes vertically, horizontally and diagonally, but only one square in any direction. Located in the middle of the board, the king holds 8 squares under attack.

    At the end of the game, when there are an order of magnitude fewer pieces on the board, the strength of the king becomes approximately equal to the strength of the minor piece.

    Check is a position where the king is under attack from an enemy piece. The king is not allowed. You need to move to another square, defend with your own piece, or simply capture the enemy piece that declared check.

    In Fig. 10 the white king can escape check, the bishop can cover the king, the queen can capture the black rook.

    The game ends when the king is checkmated. This means that the king is under attack (check) and has nowhere to go - the free squares are under attack from the enemy pieces.

    A curious situation in the game is a stalemate. The king is not in check, but he has nowhere to move - all free squares are under attack from enemy pieces. Other pieces also have no moves.

    In this case, the game ends in a draw.

    According to the accepted scoring system, there is 1 point for a win, 0.5 points for a draw, and 0 for a loss.

    Some figures have double names. Before the revolution, the bishop was called an officer, the rook was called a tour, and the queen was called a queen. These names are not common among chess players; sometimes they are used by amateurs.

    Chessmen. From left to right - King - Queen - Bishop - Knight - Rook - Pawn

    Chess is played with special pieces. Let's see what each of them looks like, is called and what rules follow. In addition, chess pieces have their own specific value, classification, weaknesses and strengths. Let's start the description with the most important piece - the king, and then continue from the strongest - the queen, to the weakest - the pawn.

    King

    The French king Louis XIV said: “The state is me!” Chess king and there is the state, that is, the personification of the player. This is the most important piece in the game, since the inability to defend one’s king leads to defeat, and an irresistible attack on the enemy king leads to victory in the game. Despite such importance in the game, the king is a rather weak piece; it can move in any direction, but only one square per turn. Therefore, protect the king from the very beginning of the game until the end of the game.

    Queen

    The queen is often called the queen, and in many chess sets this piece is depicted as a woman. The king and queen are similar in appearance, so do not confuse them, immediately determine which one is which. The queen is the most powerful piece on the chessboard; it can move as many squares as it wants in any direction horizontally, vertically and diagonally. The loss of a queen is often an irreparable loss for the player, and he often gives up in such situations.

    Rook

    The rook in the classic set of chess pieces looks like a defensive tower of a castle, this appearance corresponds to its European name. Also, this figure can be depicted as a war chariot or it can look like an ancient naval combat unit - a rook. In terms of strength, this piece takes an honorable second place after the queen. The rook can move any number of squares vertically and horizontally. At the beginning of the game, each player has 2 rooks.

    Elephant

    In the classic set of pieces, the chess bishop is not at all similar to the elephant from the animal world. In height it is second only to the king and queen. The upper part of this figure externally represents the personification of the robes of Western priests, which corresponds to the English name for the elephant - bishop, which translates as bishop. Bishops move in any direction diagonally on any number of squares. At the beginning of the game, you have two bishops, each of which retains the diagonal colors for the entire game, that is, one will move only along diagonals from light squares, and the second only along dark squares, hence they are called light-squared and dark-squared bishops, respectively.

    Horse

    Chessmen. Horse

    The only piece on the board that everyone outwardly immediately identifies, even the smallest children just starting to play chess. Only a knight can jump over its own and other people’s pieces, and the trajectory of this piece’s moves is also unusual. The knight moves first two/one cells vertically or horizontally and then one/two cells horizontally or vertically perpendicular to the original direction. This description of the knight's move sounds very tricky, but remembering how a knight moves is simple - it moves with the Russian letter "G". The bishop and knight are approximately equal in strength and they are inferior to the rook in value, but superior to the pawn.

    Pawn

    Chessmen. Pawn

    At the beginning of the game you have 8 of them and the pawn is the weakest piece. The pawn moves only forward one square, eats forward diagonally and also only one square. From the starting position, the pawn has the right to jump 2 squares forward on its first move. With this 2-move jump, if the enemy’s pawn is directly to the side of yours, then the opponent can take your pawn on the next move, placing his own not in the place of yours, but 1 square closer to you - this is called an en passant capture. During the game, the weakest piece can become the strongest, so a pawn, having reached the last rank, turns into any piece at the discretion of the player, even a queen.

    We described what chess pieces are called, look like and move. In the next article we will touch on strengths and weaknesses and recommendations on what to do with them in a given position or stage of the game.

    If you decide to learn how to play chess, the first thing you should do is understand the name of the chess pieces. This will significantly speed up and simplify the process of further learning. The game of chess is one of the oldest, it has been around for many centuries. Its development was continuous: at first people played with grains, then with clay balls, and only by the Middle Ages the figures that are familiar to us appeared on the board.

    Today, when playing chess, each player uses six types of pieces. They differ in color: one has white figures, and the second has black ones. In this case, the “army” of both one and the other player consists of 16 figures. We will look at them in more detail a little further. Each piece has its own place on the board and a specific trajectory, method or methods of movement during the game. So, let's figure out the names of the chess pieces from pictures and photos.

    1. (King) - this is the most important figure on the “battlefield”, around which the game is built. After all, the end of the game comes precisely when the opponent’s king is defeated. Despite his status, the king is quite limited in his movements; he can only move one square in any direction. But at the same time, he has the advantage of castling. This term means a joint move with a rook, during which the king is sent to a safer place.

    2. (Queen) - this is the most active, strongest and second most important figure during the game. Its possibilities in movement trajectories are most diverse. The queen can move both up and down the board, and left and right, as well as along white and black diagonals. The queen is a difficult piece from the enemy’s point of view, because she has great capabilities for protecting the king and can be in the right place at almost any moment. The queen usually looks almost the same as the king, but a little lower and often with a small ball on top.

    3. (Rook) - this figure moves only vertically or horizontally and is limited by obstacles. At the start, the player has two rooks, which are placed at the edges of the field. Sometimes amateurs call them “tours,” but for experienced players this sounds off-putting.

    4. (Bishop) - also a paired figure, considered light, usually looks like a low tower with a pointed drop. This form may resemble the robes of a monk - and so it is. The figurine appeared precisely because Catholic priests were fond of chess and brought something of their own to it.

    5. (Knight) - usually looks like the corresponding animal. Its peculiarity is its unusual manner of movement, namely the letter “G” in any direction. The knight easily jumps over obstacles (opponent pieces) and at the beginning of the game stands next to the rook.

    6. (Pawn) - this is a chess soldier who is the first to rush into battle and opens the game. Each has 8 pawns. They move most simply - one square at a time and only forward, although as a first move they can jump over a square - and they only knock down enemy pieces diagonally. Pawns play an important role, they defend other pieces, and when they reach the opposite edge of the board they can return in their place any previously captured piece - a queen, a rook, and a knight. The only exception here is the king.