Billiard terms in Russian. Russian billiards, apricole, doublet, pocket, cue, mass, pyramid, handicap, contra. Types of cue ball strikes
A
· Abricol
(in Russian billiards) - a blow in which the cue ball first hits the side, and then into the aiming ball.
· English billiards- is a mixture of cannon and pocket billiards. Played on a snooker table (dimensions - 1.7 x 3.8 m.). For the game, 3 balls are used: 2 white (although recently 1 white and 1 yellow have been used) and a red ball, which is always aimed.
· Artistic billiards- a kind of billiard game in which exclusively trick-shots are used.
· Attack (generally, except for cannon and its varieties) - a blow on the cue ball (hereinafter - just a blow) with the aim of hammering the aiming ball (and in some types of billiards and cue ball) into the pocket.
B
Bitok (general) - a ball (in a pool and snooker - white, in a pyramid - in various shades of yellow, red or brown), which is used to hit the aiming ball. An exception when using the cue ball is found in the Free Pyramid (formerly American), where any of the balls on the table can act as the cue ball, and in some types of cannon and in English billiards, where each player uses the same ball as the cue ball ( of the two light balls present on the caramball table - that is, the white dotted ball (or light yellow) is the cue ball for one player, and the pure white ball is the cue ball of the other player. Hitting someone else's cue ball is a foul).
· Balker line(in snooker) - a line drawn closer to the end of the playing table; the area designated by it occupies exactly ¼ of the entire length of the table; The balker line does not have any specific meaning for the main variation of snooker, but it significantly affects the game in its variation called Power Snooker. The area behind the balker line is called "PowerZone" in this variation of the game. If the cue-ball is within the PowerZone and the player pockets any ball, then the total of the points gained is doubled.
Break (English break) (in snooker) - see Series
V
· Screw (gen.) - the rotational movement of the ball as a result of the impact. There are four main types of screws - left, right, top ("roll"), bottom ("guy"), as well as their combinations.
· Exit (general) - a blow, as a result of which the cue-ball "comes out" (rolled) to the place from which the player intends to play the next ball.
G
· Lip (common, except for cannon and its varieties) - the beveled part of the elastic side, located in the alignment of the pocket.
D
· Double (English double) (in snooker) - a situation in which the ball gets into the pocket not from a direct hit, but after a ricochet from the board.
· Double-kiss (English double kiss) (in snooker) - double mutual collision of the aiming ball and the cue ball.
· Duplet (or Double) (common) - a blow in which the aiming ball first hits the side, and then goes towards the pocket.
· "Fool" (in Russian billiards; in snooker - fluke) - an accidental hit of a ball in a pocket.
· House (in Russian billiards and some other varieties) - the area on the gaming table (takes 1/4 of the entire surface of the table), from where the game can be played from the hand.
F
· The yellow pocket (in snooker) is a conventional concept that has been introduced into snooker since the 80s. Indicates the far left pocket.
Z
· The green pocket (in snooker) is a conventional concept that has been introduced into snooker since the 1980s. Indicates the far right pocket.
· Hares (in Russian billiards) - two aiming balls located close to each other (see Plant).
AND
· Play from hand (general) - the right of one of the players to take a shot from any place (in some types of billiards - from specially designated areas).
TO
· Comeback - a situation in which a player who is significantly behind in the score compares it or wins the match as a whole.
Carambol - a type of billiard game, numbering about ten varieties, common to which is the use of three balls with a diameter of 60 mm, painted or marked with dots, and a table without pockets 10 feet long, sometimes 5 wooden chips (miniature pins) are added to them, displayed in the center table. Also: the name common to all games of the situation of accidental or deliberate collisions of the balls being played (an aiming ball or, less often, a cue ball) with other balls present on the table.
· Cue (general) - a billiard accessory designed for striking the cue ball. Cues for Russian billiards, pool and snooker vary in size and weight.
· Kiks (English kicks) (the term is used mainly in Russian billiards) - a blow in which the cue sticker slides over the surface of the cue ball.
· Masonry - ball hitting a pocket; another meaning is the player's ability to pocket balls.
· Claster (common) - a cluster of two or more balls located very close one to one.
· Klapshtos (German klapp stoß) (in Russian billiards) - a blow in which the ball (cue ball) after collision with the aiming ball remains in place.
Clearance (mainly in snooker; in Russian billiards - clearing the table) - clogging all the remaining aiming balls into the pockets during one series.
o Total clearance (in snooker) - hammering all (from the first to the last) aiming balls into the pockets during one series.
· Countertush (in Russian billiards) or double-kiss - a repeated blow to the cue ball of an aiming ball reflected from the side or other balls.
· Cross-double (English cross double) (or simple. Turnover) - the intersection of the trajectories of the cue ball and the aiming ball.
Cannon (in snooker) - an unforeseen or deliberate collision of the cue ball with other balls.
L
Louza (common, except for cannon and its varieties) - a special hole on the game table where balls are hammered.
M
· Maz or Mazik is a billiard inventory item. Instead of a cue, they hit the cue ball with a smear. Not used in modern billiards
· Maximum break(in snooker) - the maximum possible (within the rules) series of one of the players.
· Mask (in the pool) - the position on the game table when the cue-ball is closed from the object ball by another ball and cannot pass to it in a straight path.
Massé (gen.) - a blow with strong (as a rule, lateral and lower) rotation, as a result of which the ball, most often, rolls in an arc.
· Mashinka (common, there are also names for rest (in snooker) or simple. "Mother-in-law" in Russian billiards) - a special device used as an additional support for the cue when striking.
· Miss (English miss) (in snooker) - a blow in which the cue ball does not hit the target ball.
N
Nakat (general) - a blow above the center of the cue ball, as a result of which the cue ball, after colliding with the aiming ball, continues to move forward further.
· Sticker (or heel) (gen.) - a circle of specially treated leather glued to the end of the front of the cue, which directly contacts the cue ball when striking. They can vary in degree of hardness to soft, medium and hard.
O
· Hook (general) - a blow below the center of the ball, as a result of which the cue-ball, most often after colliding with the aiming ball, rolls back.
· Replaying (or positional kick) (common, except for cannon and its varieties) - a blow to remove the ball, most often the cue ball, into a difficult position for the opponent. Also: when playing in pool-8 and in straight-pool (pool varieties) - a situation provided for by the rules when the player performing the next blow pre-announces that he intends to transfer the next blow to his opponent, regardless of the result of his executed hit (hit or miss the declared ball into the pocket). The Rollout or Safe announcement must be made aloud, before the strike, so that the opponent and the referee can hear and unambiguously understand it.
P
· Party (general) or frame (in snooker) - a time period in a match, which begins with the initial kick and ends, as a rule, with the ball that is victorious for one of the players.
· Stalemate situation(in snooker) - a situation in which the further development of the frame is extremely difficult or almost impossible. In this case, the frame is replayed, and all the results of the unplayed game are canceled.
· Replay in black(English re-spot black) (in snooker) - a situation in which, after the last ball is pocketed, the score in the frame becomes equal. In this case, the black ball is placed on its mark, and then a lot is drawn, according to the results of which one of the players gets the right to the first blow. The one who scores black wins the frame.
· Jump (general) or jump (English jump) in snooker and pool) - a blow in which the cue ball jumps over the masking ball. In the pool, it is performed with a shortened cue - jumper.
· Pyramid (general, except for cannon and its varieties) - the initial arrangement of aiming balls in the form of an equilateral triangle. (Note. In some types of billiards - for example, in Pool-9, a pyramid of 9 balls is arranged in the form of a rhombus).
· Pyramid - the official name of the type of billiard games, previously known as "Russian billiards" ("American", "Siberian", "Nevskaya", "71 points" and others, about 20 varieties in total). They have in common the use of a set of 15 numbered white and one colored balls with a diameter of 68 mm and a table 12 feet long with narrow pockets with little or no rounding. The name Pyramid instead of the name Russian billiards was introduced to comply with the international principles of naming sports games, according to which national or geographical roots should not be used. For the same reason, the pool officially ceased to be called the American pool.
· Plant (snooker. For a pool and a pyramid, the corresponding terms pair and hares are used) - a general name for two variants of a situation when the game is on a pair of balls tightly pressed against each other. Depending on which of the lines, the "line of centers" (connecting the centers of the balls of the pair) or the "line of common tangent" (the perpendicular to the line of centers, drawn through the point of contact of the balls of the pair), leads to the pocket - the intended ball is played either by hitting another ball, standing in a tight pair with a ball directed into the pocket, or by hitting the intended ball, counting on a special trajectory of its rebound from the supporting ball, which is the second in the pair. In the first case, the intended ball will go along the line of centers, in the second - along the line of a common tangent .. In this case, additional effects act: 1) direct rejection due to friction in a pair, 2) rejection by screwing, and 3) a slight roll of the aiming ball due to transmission rotation from the cue ball if it was launched with a strong pull. Most noticeable on worn or dirty balls, these effects allow the player (through the addition of screws, braces, and hitting point selection) to slightly adjust the resulting direction of the ball being played from the bore. Thanks to these effects, even in the case of not quite accurately following the center line or the common tangent into the pocket, the intended ball can be directed into the pocket.
Reckoning (general) - a situation in which, after hitting an aiming ball, the cue ball or some other ball strikes an uncomfortable ball or group of balls (cluster, remnants of an unbroken pyramid).
· Aiming ball (gen.) - the ball on which the cue ball is hit. When an object ball is pocketed as a result of being hit by the cue ball, the term "alien" or "alien" is used.
Propoch (general) - a situation when a player has dealt more than one blow to the cue ball while performing one specific blow, or a situation in which the cue, cue ball and aiming ball are simultaneously touched.
· Pool (English pool) - a kind of pocket billiards. Other names: American billiards, American pool. Often the American version of billiards is mistakenly referred to as "American".
Push-out (in pool-9) is a situation provided for by the rules of Pool-9 when a player who has the right to play the first blow of the game (that is, a blow immediately after the balls have been broken) intends to move the cue ball or other balls to a new position and give the opponent the right to choose the option to continue the game. After a correctly executed push, the opponent has the opportunity to continue the game himself (to accept the push), or to return the right of the next hit to the player who performed the push (refuse to push). The push must be announced before the kick is taken. Push was introduced into the rules of Pool-9 in order to completely equalize the chances of the players at the very beginning of the game.
R
· Robbery (obsch.) - the initial blow in the game, is made with a cue ball on the balls standing in the pyramid; sometimes the term "breakdown" is used.
· Re-rack (in snooker) - replaying a frame (for example, in the event of a stalemate in the game).
· Cutting (general) - the angle at which the cue ball hits the target ball.
· Effective hit(general) - a blow that ends with the ball falling into the pocket (in cannon, this term has a slightly different meaning), after which the player has the right to continue the game.
Rest (English rest) (in snooker) - a device for setting a cue (used if playing from the hand is impossible or extremely difficult). There are different types of rests (for example, spider-rest, swan-neck rest, etc.).
· Draw (general) - the procedure for determining the order of the participants in the game.
· Russian billiards is a collective name for several types of billiards. Russian billiards is a kind of pocket billiards, with its own special requirements for the equipment for the game. See "Pyramid"
WITH
Free ball (in snooker) - a situation in which a player, as a result of an unsuccessful attempt to exit snooker by another player, cannot hit a certain target ball. In this case, the player has the right to order any other object ball (at the price of red) with the subsequent hammering of a colored one.
· Own (simple brother-in-law) (in Russian billiards) - the cue ball on which the player strikes.
· A brother-in-law (in a pyramid) - a blow, the purpose of which is to send the cue ball into the pocket. In the rules of various pyramid games, the possibility of performing and the result of such a blow is determined in different ways. For example, in the Classic Pyramid (71 points), he leads to a foul, in the Free Pyramid (American) he is no different from other punches, in the Dynamic Pyramid and the Combination Pyramid (Nevskaya and Sibirka, respectively), the continuation of the game after an effective brother-in-law and an effective “alien” is different ...
· Sector D (in snooker) - a specially marked area on the game table, from where the player performs a robbery or a strike from his hand.
· Set (in carambola) - a time period in a match, in its meaning is almost similar to the concept of "party".
· Century break (in snooker) - a series of a player of 100 or more points.
· Series (gen.) - a sequence of effective attacking strikes of one of the players (in cannon, this term has a slightly different meaning).
· Snooker (English snooker) - a kind of billiard pocket game. Most common in the UK. Since the end of the 70s of the XX century, it has become famous almost all over the world, especially in Europe and China. At the beginning of the game, there are 15 red balls placed in a pyramid and 6 colored balls on the game table, each of which is located at a certain mark on the table. The white ball (cue ball) is used to hit colored balls. Players must alternately pocket the red and colored balls. As long as the red balls remain on the table, pocketed colored balls are returned to their positions. The one of the players who scores the most points wins.
· Spider also spider-rest (English spider rest) (in snooker) - a device for installing a cue. See rest.
Split
1. Also, a split shot or split hit is a blow in which it is difficult to determine by eye which of the close-standing aiming balls the cue ball touched first. Usually it is considered a foul in tournament rules, in an amateur hit.
2. In a bullet, a blow that sends two or more contacting balls in different directions.
3. In snooker, a shot in which the cue-ball is sent to a cluster of red balls to break them.
T
· Type (English tip) (in snooker) - a sticker on the cue.
· Pull-up bar or horizontal bar - the thick part of the cue.
· Touche (fr. Touche) (in Russian billiards) - touching the ball on the table with a cue, hand, typewriter, etc.
· Trick shot (gen.) - "trick" shot.
· Triplet - the reflection of the ball from two sides.
· Tachin ball (English touching ball) (in snooker) - a situation when the cue-ball stands together with another ball, in contact with it.
F
· FBSR - Russian Billiard Sports Federation, founded in 1988, today unites about 60 regional billiard sports federations and is the main organizer of the billiard movement and billiard sports in Russia.
Foul or penalty - any violation game rules by the participants. In snooker, after a penalty is assigned to one of the players, additional points are awarded to his opponent (depending on the type of violation - from 4 to 7), the right to strike also passes to him.
Handicap - an agreement on the initial advantage in the number of balls, points, strikes, etc.
· Fluke (English fluke), fuchs or simple. "Fool" - an accidental hit of a ball in a pocket. Depending on the type of game, a fool can be considered both effective (Pool-9, Free Pyramid (American)) and an ineffective strike (Pool-8, Pool-14.1, Classic Pyramid). In some cases, this is a foul, for example, when, when playing snooker, with the next blow to red in the pocket, a colored one falls by a fool, or when in Pool-8 a fool drops a ball number 8 (black).
· A Frenchman (in Russian billiards) - a brother-in-law, hammered on the screw by a slow slide along the side from a ball standing on it.
· Frame (in snooker) - see game.
· Frame ball (mainly in snooker) - a ball, when pocketed, the player wins the frame.
H
· Alien (in Russian billiards) - an aiming ball on which the player strikes.
Sh
· Shaft (German schaft - handle, rod, shank) - the upper, thinner part of the cue.
· Penalty or foul (general) - violation of the rules by a player during the game. When a penalty is declared, the right to strike, as a rule, is transferred to the opponent.
E
Extension (mainly in snooker) -
1. A mechanical device used to increase the length of the cue, put on the back of the cue.
2. In a tournament where players have limited time to shoot (usually televised tournaments), extension is the extra time allowed for a shot decision. Players have a limited number of extensions in each frame.
· Effe - "twisted blow" or blow with rotation, the general name for blows in which the ball also rotates during forward motion.
Abricol - hitting the cue ball first on the side, and then on the aiming ball.
Billia - a series of strokes, each of which ends with the correct playing of balls.
Cue ball - a ball that is hit with a cue during the game.
Diamond - one of eighteen mother-of-pearl marks embedded in the wooden part of the sides on pocket billiards (see Diamond System).
Diamond system - scientifically based billiard system, which provides for the practical use of diamonds on the sides, which help to draw up a clear diagram of hits with the calculation of a certain path of the balls.
VBS - World Billiard Union. Founded in 1959, it unites five billiard confederations (Europe, Asia, America, Africa and the Middle East).
It is seen or no ball in sight - when the aiming point is visible or not.
A screw is a decentralized blow on the cue ball, in which the cue ball, along with the translational one, also receives a rotational motion.
Popped ball - the ball stopped after the completion of the ular outside the playing surface of the table.
Exit - a blow, as a result of which, after a pocketed object ball, the cue-ball goes under another object ball so that it can be easily played.
House - the part of the playing surface of the table between the front line and the front board.
Doublet - a blow in which the aiming ball first hits the side, and then enters the pocket.
Back line - a line through the aft mark parallel to the short side.
Order - the requirement for the player to declare, before striking, the aiming ball and the pocket in which he intends to play it.
Custom pocket - the pocket announced in the order, into which the player intends to put the aiming ball.
Custom balloon - a specific aiming ball announced in the order, which the player intends to play in a custom pocket.
Hand play from home - a blow in which the cue-ball can be placed anywhere in the area of the "home".
Table playing surface - a flat surface of the table covered with cloth between the elastic sides.
Cannon - a blow in which the cue-ball, having touched one object ball, hits another.
Cue - billiard accessory designed to hit the cue ball.
Kix - an unsuccessful hit with the cue sticker slipping on the surface of the cue ball.
Klapstos - a blow in which the cue-ball remains in place after collision with the aiming ball.
Counterparty - a decisive game between partners who have the same number of games won. Abbreviated called counter, or counter.
Countertouch - return blow to the cue ball reflected from the side or other balls of the aiming ball.
Croiset - a kind of doublet, in which the aiming ball, reflected from the side, crosses the line of movement of the cue ball.
Mace - an item of billiard equipment. Instead of a cue, they hit the cue ball with a smear.
Smear - the position at which the ball or balls obstruct the target, where it is desirable to hit with the cue ball.
Typewriter - billiard accessory used as a support for the cue when striking a distant cue ball.
chalk - dry abrasive used for rubbing the cue sticker to prevent kicks.
Dead ball - when the ball is in the lips of the pocket and the slightest push on it is enough for it to fall. They also say about such a ball that it hangs over a pocket.
Roll forward - a blow above the center of the cue-ball, as a result of which the cue-ball continues to move in the same direction after collision with the object ball.
Sticker - a circle of specially processed leather glued to the end of the front part of the cue, which is in direct contact with the cue ball when performing strikes.
Beginning of the game - in fact, the beginning of the game is considered to be the moment when the center of the cue-ball crosses the line limiting the “house” (the so-called “house” line).
Beginning and end of a beat - the beginning of the blow is considered to be any touch of the player to any ball on the billiards, and the end of the blow is the moment when the hand, cue, toy car is removed from the billiard table and the balls stop moving.
Guy - a blow below the center of the cue-ball, as a result of which the cue-ball after collision with the aiming ball rolls back.
From the ball - a blow in which an object ball or cue-ball falls into a pocket, having touched another ball.
Roleplaying - positional ular, minimizing the opponent's chances of a subsequent effective hit.
Party ball - a ball, the correct play of which into the pocket brings victory in the game.
Front line - a line through the forward mark parallel to the short side.
Front mark - a point on the longitudinal line of the table equidistant from the center mark and the headboard.
Pyramid - initial arrangement of aiming balls in the form of an equilateral triangle with apex at the rear mark.
Press down (partner) - the tactics of playing the game, in which the player tries to press the cue ball to the board and thereby make it difficult for the partner to hit the ball, forcing him to systematically play from a difficult position, as a result of which he “gets lost in the blow” and “loses the clutch”.
Aiming ball - any ball on the table, except the cue ball.
Longitudinal line - a line passing through the center mark parallel to the long board.
Cutting - hitting the cue ball very thinly, on the edge of the aiming ball. Hence the expressions: "cut" - when the played ball is taken at a sharper angle to the receiving pocket, and "undercut" - when the ball is taken at an obtuse angle.
Effective hit - a correctly executed blow, accompanied by the ball falling into the pocket and giving the right to continue the series at the table.
Drawing - the procedure for determining the participant who enters the game first.
Rocambol - ricochet on several sides.
Series (with cue) - the sequence of effective strikes by one of the participants.
Triangle - billiard equipment used for the initial placement of balls in the form of a pyramid.
Triplet - reflection of the ball from two sides.
Truaban - reflection of the ball from three sides.
Ace - a ball marked with the number "I" (means 11 points when playing "Pyramid").
Horizontal bar (turn bar) - the thick part of the cue.
Carcass - touching the ball on the table with a cue, hand, typewriter, etc.
Blow on the cut - a blow in which the point of impact is displaced relative to the line of centers of the cue ball and the object ball, as a result of which the object ball gets a movement to the left or right.
Elastic board - broadcloth rubber secured to the inside of the wooden boards. Elastic sides form the outer perimeter of the table playing surface.
Handicap - giving one player to another ahead of a set number of balls, points, hits, etc.
Fuchs - a ball that fell unexpectedly, unexpectedly.
Center line - a line passing through the center mark parallel to the short side.
Center mark - a point located in the center of the playing surface of the table.
your basket is empty
Billiard terminology
Abrikol is a hit with the cue ball first on the board, and then on an aiming ball, i.e. this is a kind of doublet, which is used when the ball standing at the very pocket cannot be played otherwise.
American is a game of pocket billiards. A variation of this game is American One Line. The American is currently renamed Pyramid.
Scam is a special term most often used in sports billiards when playing some games (Alager, Express), i.e. take on a scam - this means playing for your billiards partner in the game.
A cue ball is a ball that is struck against other balls being played. There is also the name percussion. In international terminology, the cue-ball is listed as a cueball or just a ball that is struck with a cue ball.
The sidewall is a blow with a cue ball on the cue ball at points lying on the left or right side of the vertical line passing through the center of the cue ball (left side and right side - French shot).
A bead ball is a ball that fits tightly against the bead.
A diamond is one of eighteen mother-of-pearl points embedded in the upper wooden part of the sides of the pocket billiards (see Diamond System).
The Diamond System is a scientifically based billiard system that involves the practical use of diamonds on the sides that help match a clear beat diagram with calculating the path of the balls to a specific location (a specific point on the billiard table).
A screw is a blow that imparts a spin to the cue ball or object ball.
Eight is the name of the game of pool (American type of pocket billiards).
To play a ball means to put the ball in a pocket.
Exit is a professional technique in the game, whereby the player, having put a ball into the pocket, simultaneously cuts out the cue ball under another playable ball in such a way that the latter could be relatively easily pocketed.
The pocket lip is the rounding of the side of the pocket.
Double hit is one of the prohibited hits on billiards, when the cue stick touches the cue ball twice when hit.
A house is a place on a billiard table intended for an initial blow, bounded by the sides and a chalk line passing through the first point of the billiard table parallel to the short side. You can install the ball for impact anywhere in the house.
An arc is a special type of sidewall, when the cue-ball, after being hit, describes a curved line (see sidewall and screw).
A doublet is a blow in which the aiming ball hits the side and is reflected from it (see also Croiset) into the pocket.
To screw in, to spin the ball - this means to give the cue ball strong and, moreover, only lateral rotation (see side and arc).
A registered ball is a ball that the player intends to score and names before hitting.
End the game with a cue - This is what they say when the player starts and ends the game after a continuous series of hits (makes a bill - a series of accurate scores).
To cover up the ball means to put your ball at a certain point when playing in the Moscow Pyramid or the Russian Pyramid so that the aiming ball is covered by any other ball (see also Smear).
Prohibited strikes are strikes that cannot be applied and for which the player is penalized - double, pressing on the board, pushing.
Why do you need a triangle - this is one of the items of billiard inventory: a wooden frame in the shape of a triangle, with the help of which billiard balls are installed in a pyramid before starting the game.
The game of three boards (from three boards) is one of the most technically difficult hits in billiards, when a foreign ball, after colliding with the cue ball, touches three boards and falls into the pocket.
The game over the back is striking the cue ball, in which the partner shifts the cue behind the back because of the inconvenience of playing on the aiming ball in this situation. Note that to avoid this inconvenience, you need to learn to play with one or the other hand.
Playing with a ball is a kind of blow - one of the variants of difficult situations of playing sports billiards, i.e. a game in which the cue-ball strikes not directly on the aiming ball (the aiming ball is covered by other balls), but forcibly hits the auxiliary ball, which, in turn, by hitting the aiming ball will put it into the pocket. Hence the expression when playing - to play with a system of balls, when the blow is transmitted through several balls.
Playing with a pistol is one of the tricky ways to play with one hand. At the same time, the cue is taken at the center of gravity on the thumb and ring fingers and grabbed with the index and middle fingers. The blow is usually carried out in weight or with an emphasis on the elbow.
To play in a series is an expression used when playing chips, which means: the player strikes until the pins fall and there is no free kick, after which the right to kick is transferred to the partner.
To play from hand means that a player can place the cue-ball and play it from anywhere in the house in the cases established by the rules.
play through the balls - this means striking the target ball with a cue ball across several balls (playing with the aiming ball system into a pocket).
The ball hangs over the pocket - this is usually said when the ball is so close to the pocket that the slightest touch is enough to make it fall into the pocket. When playing billiards, such balls are usually called mrtvye balls.
Which pocket on billiards is a custom - called a pocket by the player, in which he intends to put a custom ball after hitting.
What varieties of the Pyramid game exist - there is a simple Pyramid (American), and there are also the following varieties of this game: small Russian pyramid (71 points), large Russian pyramid (91 points), pyramid with balls, pyramid with colored balls, rolling pyramid, pyramid without touching the board with the cue ball, removing balls by hand, Moscow pyramid (Siberian pyramid).
What should be a billiard player's stand and what is it in general - the stand is optimal position the athlete at the table, i.e. position of legs, arms, body and cue. Exists certain rules rack, but each has its own.
Carom - this word is the name of a game of billiards without pockets with three balls, and also denotes a collision of balls, in which there is a successive collision of the cue ball with two or more balls from one blow.
Quatrban is a blow in which the ball is bounced from four sides into a pocket.
Kicks, kicks - Kicks - an unsuccessful hit with a cue ball on the cue ball, when the sticker slides off the ball (a misfire is obtained). Kicks - make kicks, i.e. hit the cue ball casually with a cue so that the ball only moves from its place or rolls in a direction unexpected for the player.
Klopstoss is a jerky, short blow to the center of the cue ball in a plane parallel to the plane of the table, as a result of which the cue ball, hitting the aiming ball, remains in place.
A counterparty is a decisive game between partners who have the same number of games won. Abbreviatedly called - contro or contro.
Counter-touch is a reverse blow to the cue ball of an aiming ball reflected from the side.
Croiset is a kind of doublet in which the aiming ball, bouncing off the side, crosses the line of movement of the cue ball. This type of doublet is also called reversible, werewolf (see also Doublet). Doing Croiset is also called Ball Wrap.
Who are Hares - these are two touching (stushnvanny) balls.
Who is the King - this is the conventionally called an athlete who plays one against two (pair) (see Prince). A king is also called a colored piece when playing chips.
Who is a Marker is a full-time official (manager) of a billiard room, whose duties include servicing billiards players, as well as repairing billiard equipment. The marker, as a rule, must know well all the rules of billiard games and confidently resolve all conflict situations between players.
Mazik is one of the items of billiard equipment of the past, designed to hit the cue ball instead of a cue.
A stroke is a position on the table where a ball or balls obstruct the target that you want to hit with the cue ball. Sometimes, in this case, they say that the ball is smeared and hitting it is difficult.
The Small Russian Pyramid is a game of Russian billiards up to 71 points, very common in official competitions.
Masse is a type of unusual hard hitting.
A typewriter is one of the items of billiard equipment that serves as a stand for a cue when performing some blows. This device helps the athlete, for example, to play balls that he cannot reach in the usual way when playing with a cue. Also, the machine is called the bridge and mother-in-law.
A dead ball is a ball that stands in the mouth of a pocket, and the slightest push on it is enough to make it fall. They say about such a ball that it hangs over a pocket.
"Undercutting the ball" means striking in such a way that the cue-ball hits the object ball closer to the center.
A guy is a blow with a cue ball in a plane almost parallel (and sometimes at an angle) to the billiard plane to the part of the cue ball that lies below its center; when pulling back the cue-ball after colliding with another ball, stopping for a moment in place, rolls back due to reverse rotation.
Roleplaying is a defensive tactic in the game, as a result of which the blow is made in such a way as to make it difficult for the opponent to execute the next blow (put the cue-ball to the board and away from the aiming balls, cover the cue-ball with balls, etc.).
Pachekot is a kind of game.
"Cut the ball" is when the ball being played is taken at a sharper angle to the pocket being played, ie. the cue ball hits the target ball closer to the edge (thinner than necessary).
A jump is one of the types of unusual blows, when a cue is struck at the bottom of the cue ball at a large angle to the plane of the billiards. In this case, the cue ball jumps over the ball and rolls in the direction of the impact.
Pyramid - firstly, these are balls, placed on a billiard table tightly to one another in a definite order and forming an equilateral triangle. Secondly, this is what the game is now called - in the past, American.
The stand is the position of the ball where it is very easy to play it. Usually the ball stands near or right in the pocket for playing someone else's - aiming ball or near the pocket for playing your own - cue ball (in those games where this is allowed by the rules).
Putting the ball on a point is when the ball is, in certain cases, placed on the third point of the billiard table. Usually, penalty balls are placed on the point, incorrectly pocketed and taken out from playing field... In the case where the point is occupied by another ball, the balls are spotted in line to the short side as close as possible to the interfering ball.
Why do they sometimes shoot balls by hand? I shoot balls in several cases - when playing in the Moscow Pyramid, when the cue ball is hammered, the opponent removes any other ball to the scorer's shelf. There is also a game called Capturing balls - a pyramid game in which partners play in turn with a cue, and if one does not put the ball, the other will remove any ball with his hand in his favor.
Who is the Prince - this is the conventionally called each of two athletes playing in pairs against one opponent (see also King)
An object ball is any ball other than the cue ball - the one that will be hit by the cue ball. There is also the name of an alien ball.
Miss - This means that the cue-ball did not touch any other balls on impact.
A prop is a forbidden hit in billiards. Usually done by striking closely spaced balls - i.e. at the moment the cue ball touches the target ball, the cue sticker is still in contact with the cue ball.
A straight ball is an arrangement of balls where the cue ball, the target ball and the pocket being played are in a straight line.
Pool is a kind of pocket billiards. The game is played with colored balls with a diameter of 57.5 mm on a table with wide pockets.
Robbery is the initial blow at the beginning of the game against the balls in the pyramid.
Consumption is the termination of an unfinished batch by mutual agreement of the partners. This does not work in competitions.
Cutting a ball is a cue ball hitting an aiming ball off-center of the aiming ball.
Rocumball is a ball ricochet on several sides.
Own ball - a cue ball is called a ball - a ball on which a cue is struck.
Snooker is a very popular pocket billiards game in Great Britain. This game uses twenty-two balls: 1 white (cue ball), 15 red and 6 different colored balls (yellow, green, brown, blue, pink and black).
A dry game is the name of a lost game in which the loser failed to play a single ball or score a single point. They also say that the game ended dry.
To play with air is to hit the target ball very thinly with the cue ball.
To play a heel is a special case of an abrikol, when the ball is hit by the cue ball, reflected from the board, and the point of impact of the cue ball on the ball is on the opposite side of the cue ball before the strike. Playing in the form of a heel in the Pyramid and some other types of billiards is now prohibited.
To play by pressing means to put a ball in the game with a forbidden blow - pressing. This happens, in particular, when two balls are close to the pocket and when one of them is pocketed (his own or someone else's), the player pushes it into the pocket.
Point on the table, its purpose is a point on the table indicated by a colored circle with a diameter of 1 cm, pasted at the intersection of two lines connecting the centers of two corner pockets with the centers of two middle pockets (first and third) and the middle of middle pockets (second). One of the points is for setting up the pyramid (third), the second (middle) marks the middle of the table, and the first marks the house.
A triplet is a laying of someone else's ball into a pocket when it is reflected during a blow from two sides.
Ace is a ball marked with the number 1 (counts as 11 points when playing the Russian Pyramid).
The turnip is the thick part billiard cue... Some people incorrectly call it a turnik.
A carcass is every touch of any ball on a billiard with a cue, hand, clothing, tie, typewriter, etc. Carcass differs from impact in that during it the ball does not perform, or makes a slight forward movement.
A forehead shot is a cue ball hit against the center of an aiming ball.
A counter hit is a cue ball simultaneously hitting two closely spaced balls being played.
The Finnish game is a game of billiards with 16 balls placed in pairs against each pocket, and three balls along the middle line connecting the middle pockets of the table.
Chips is a game that features five or seven chips in addition to three balls. It is played both on pocketed billiards and on pocket billiards. A variation of the game of chips (or pins) is Pachekot.
A foul is any violation of the rules of the game of billiards.
Handicap is when one of the stronger than playing the opponents are given a certain number of points, balls or strikes before the game, thereby leveling the level of the class of the partners' play. The name Handicap is also used.
Fuchs is a ball that fell into the pocket unexpectedly, unexpectedly. Hence the expression "fuchs" party, i.e. won by sheer luck alone.
What kind of game "Two balls" is a game of two balls, in which each of the partners must put in any pocket without assigning an opponent's ball.
What kind of game "Five balls" is a game of pocket billiards (60 points), a Russian game. It is played with five balls: 2 white, 2 red, 1 yellow. A variation of this one is five balls with cannons.
What does it mean when they say "Clean" - this expression is used in the game to denote the case when the ball being played does not touch other balls on the billiards table.
Which means: Whether the ball is visible or not - this is the position of the balls on the table, at which the aiming point of the ball being played is visible or not.
What is considered the beginning and end of the blow - the beginning of the blow is considered to be any touch of the player to any ball on the billiards, and the end of the blow is the moment when the hand, cue, machine is removed from the billiard table and the balls stop moving.
What does it mean to Skiksovat, Kiksanut means to hit the side of your ball with a cue unsuccessfully, i.e. casually, so that the ball only moves or rolls in a direction unexpected for the player. A similar blow during the game is obtained, as a rule, when the end of the cue is not marked, when the sticker has lost its roughness (greasy) or when the player uses raw chalk.
A ball pocketed is when an object ball or cue ball is pocketed by touching another ball.
Stoss is a type of strike in bowling. In this case, the partners take one hit at a time, regardless of whether the pins fall or not.
An effect is a relatively difficult ball hit that imparts a certain lateral rotation to the ball in addition to its forward motion.
Abrikol - hitting the cue ball first on the side, and then on the aiming ball.
BEK - European Billiard Confederation. Founded in 1985, it includes 17 states.
BILLIA - a series of strokes, each of which ends with the correct playing of balls (see also C KIYA).
The cue ball is a ball that is hit with a cue stick. When the cue-ball is pocketed by a collision with an object ball, the term "friendly" or "brother-in-law" is used.
Sideways - hitting the cue ball with a cue at points lying on the left or right side of the central vertical line. Possible left side and right side. (see also Arc and Screw).
WBS - World Billiard Union. Founded in 1959, it unites five billiard confederations (Europe, Asia, America, Africa and the Middle East).
On the forehead - hitting the center of the aiming ball with a cue ball.
A screw is a decentralized blow on the cue ball, in which the cue ball, along with the translational one, also receives a rotational motion.
Counter - hitting two balls close to each other simultaneously with the cue ball.
A jumped ball is a ball that has stopped after completing a stroke outside the playing surface of the table.
Exit - a blow, as a result of which, after a pocketed object ball, the cue-ball goes under another object ball so that it can be easily played.
The house is the part of the table's playing surface between the headline and the headboard.
Doublet - a blow in which the aiming ball first hits the side, and then gets into the pocket.
An arc is a special type of sidewall, when the cue ball, after being hit, describes a curve (see also Sidewall and Screw).
Back line - a line through the back mark parallel to the short board.
Hares are two shaded balls.
Ball order - In sports billiards, the "gentleman's" order and the "ball-pocket" order are used. In a “gentlemanly” order, the player does not need any explanation about the planning of the shot before the shot. Players are counted all the balls that have fallen into the pockets, if, after the impact of the cue ball and the object ball, any of them (the cue ball or the object ball) fell into the pocket directly - without colliding with other balls and boards. When ordering a "ball - pocket", the player needs to name or indicate a specific ball and a specific pocket in which he intends to play (score) this ball before hitting. If the impact is planned to be combined (balls, from balls or boards), this does not need to be explained. If the ordered ball is pocketed (fell) into a pocket, all balls that fell into the pockets during this stroke without an order are also counted if the rules specific games no other is provided. You can order one specific balloon. In ordered games, balls that have fallen into the pockets without an order (by chance), except for those provided for by the order, are not counted and are placed on the points or the return line.
Ordered pocket - a pocket declared in the order, into which the player intends to put an aiming ball.
Customized ball - a specific targeting ball announced in the order, which the player intends to play in a custom pocket.
FORBIDDEN HITS - PUSH, KNOCK AND DOUBLE IMPACT.
Hand-to-hand play from home - a blow in which the cue-ball can be placed anywhere in the area of the house.
The playing surface of the table is a flat surface of the table covered with cloth between elastic sides.
Cannon - a blow in which the cue ball, having touched one target ball, hits another.
Quatrban is a reflection of a ball from four sides.
A cue is a billiard accessory designed to hit the cue ball.
Kicks - an unsuccessful blow with the cue stick slipping on the surface of the cue ball.
Masonry - falling into a pocket of an aiming ball.
Klapstoss - a blow in which the cue-ball stays in place after collision with the aiming ball.
COUNTERPARTY - a decisive game between partners who have the same number of games won. It is abbreviated as counter or counter.
Counter-touch - a reverse blow to the cue ball reflected from the side or other balls of the aiming ball.
KING - this is the conventionally called a billiard player who plays one against two (pair) (see also PRINCE).
Krause - a kind of doublet, in which the aiming ball, reflecting from the side, crosses the line of movement of the cue ball. This type of doublet is also called the Werewolf (see also Doublet).
Mazik is a billiard inventory item. Instead of a cue, they hit the cue ball with a smear.
A stroke is a position in which a ball or balls obstruct the target where it is desirable to hit with the cue ball.
MASK - when the ball or balls obstruct the target, which it is desirable to hit with the cue ball. Sometimes in such cases it is said that the ball is "smeared".
MASSE is one of the special hits.
A machine is a billiard accessory used as a support for a cue when striking a remote cue ball.
Chalk is a dry abrasive used to rub the cue stick to prevent kicks.
DEAD BALL - when the ball is in the lips of a pocket and the slightest push on it is enough to make it fall. They also say about such a ball that it HANGS OVER THE BARE.
PRESS is one of the prohibited strikes.
Roll-forward - a blow above the center of the cue ball, as a result of which the cue ball continues to move in the same direction after colliding with the object ball.
A sticker is a circle of specially treated leather glued to the end of the front part of the cue, which is in direct contact with the cue ball when striking.
Werewolf (Krause) - a kind of doublet, in which the aiming ball, reflected from the side, crosses the line of movement of the cue ball.
Retraction - a blow below the center of the cue ball, as a result of which the cue ball rolls back after collision with the object ball.
From a ball - a blow in which an object ball or cue ball falls into a pocket when it touches another ball. Role-playing is a positional blow that minimizes the opponent's chances of a subsequent effective hit.
ROLLING - defensive tactics in which the blow is done with the expectation of making it difficult for the opponent to execute the blow (put the cue ball to the side and away from the aiming balls, cover the cue ball with balls, etc.).
JUMP is one of the special hits.
A lottery ball is a ball that, when pocketed correctly, wins the game.
The foreline is a line passing through the foresight parallel to the short side.
The front mark is a point on the longitudinal line of the table equidistant from the center mark and the front edge.
The pyramid is a kind of world pocket billiards, it is popular in Russia and adjacent states. The "pyramid" is mainly distinguished from other pocket billiards by its relatively strict pockets and the game of "own" balls. a) Strict pockets. The size ratio "pocket-ball" in "Pyramid" is close to one. For pool and snooker, this ratio is close to two, i.e. the diameter of the ball is almost double smaller pockets. Pyramid requires great precision, and this leaves a special imprint on the nature of the game. b) Playing "own" balls is the goal in most games in "Pyramid", and in pool and snooker - a penalty. Hence, naturally, the desire of the "Pyramid" players to master the technique of hammering in "brother-in-law". According to the majority of Pyramid fans, they get the most pleasure in the game from the brothers-in-law. In addition, the word "pyramid" denotes: a) a figure formed by aiming balls in the initial position before the start of the game; b) the main part in the names of the types of games in the "Pyramid".
PISTOL (poke) is one way to play with one hand.
Stand - the position of the balls when it is not difficult to play effectively.
Put on a point - when the ball is, in certain cases, put on one of the three main points of the billiards. An aiming ball is a ball that is hit by the cue ball. When an object ball is pocketed as a result of being hit by the cue ball, the term "alien" or "alien" is used.
PRINCE - this is the conventionally called each of two athletes playing in pairs against one opponent (see also KING).
Longitudinal line - a line passing through the center mark parallel to the long board.
LOOK - One of the prohibited strikes.
Consumption - termination of an unfinished batch by mutual agreement of partners.
Cut - Strike the ball very thinly into the edge of the targeting ball. Hence the expressions: "cut" - when the played ball is taken at a sharper angle to the receiving pocket and "undercut" - when the ball is taken at a more obtuse angle.
Rocambol - ricochet on several sides.
RUSSIAN BILLIARD - this is the name of our domestic pocket billiards in the literature.
Own - see BITOK.
A successful hit is a correctly executed blow, accompanied by the ball falling into the pocket and giving the right to continue the series at the table.
The drawing is the procedure for determining the participant who enters the game first.
A series (with a cue) is a sequence of effective strikes of one of the participants.
DRY (game) - a game in which the loser failed to play a single ball and score a single point.
To play with air - very thinly hit the target ball with the cue ball.
Points (line) of return - To introduce balls into the game, in accordance with the rules of specific games, numbered points on the playing surface of the table are used, they are also called points of return. Balls are placed on cusp points in descending order of their numbers: No. 3, No. 2, No. 1. If a ball cannot be placed at a point with a larger number, then the ball is placed on a point with the previous number. If there are not enough free points for the balls to be spotted, then a return line is used, which is part of the center line from the back point to the back board. Balls are positioned on points and return line so that they do not touch other target balls. If the return line is not sufficient to accommodate the balls to be spotted, it continues from the backsight to the headboard.
Ball Drop Point - The design of the pockets on pyramid tables assumes a beveled edge at the edge of the base of the slab and the pocket cutout. The ball falls into the pocket, having reached this bevel, although the projection of the center of the ball has not yet crossed the border of the pocket cut. The point at the edge of the pocket, from which the ball starts rolling into the pocket, is called the point where the ball falls.
The triangle is a billiard accessory used for the initial placement of pyramid-shaped balls.
Triplet is a reflection of a ball from two sides.
“THREE BOARDS” is one of the most technically difficult types of carambole billiards; played out at the world championship.
Truaban is a reflection of a ball from three sides.
The turnip is the thickest part of the cue.
Carcass - touching a ball on the table with a cue, hand, typewriter, etc.
Cutting hit - a hit in which the point of impact is displaced relative to the line of centers of the cue ball and the object ball, as a result of which the aiming ball gets a movement to the left or right.
The springboard is a felt-covered rubber fixed to the inside of the wooden sideboards. Elastic sides form the outer perimeter of the table playing surface.
FOUL - any violation of the Rules in billiard sports.
FBSR is the Russian Billiard Sports Federation, founded in 1988, today it unites about 60 regional billiard sports federations and is the main organizer of the billiard movement and billiard sports in Russia.
Handicap - giving one player to another ahead of a set number of balls, points, strikes, etc.
Fuchs (Fool) - a ball that fell unexpectedly, unexpectedly.
Center line - a line passing through the center mark parallel to the short side.
Center mark - a point located in the center of the playing surface of the table.
Alien (ball) - see AIMING BALL.
SHTOS - a kind of blow.
EFFE - a blow with a cue, giving lateral rotation to the ball.
Abricol- see side impact.
Recoil cushioning- an integral part of the shock-swing movement. Cushioning allows you to soften the impact, prevent premature separation of the cue ball from the sticker under the action of the peak impact force... It provides a stable direction of acceleration and tracking of the cue ball, as well as the smoothness and integrity of the entire shock-swing movement.
Aramith- modern composite material for billiard balls. Aramite balls are currently the most widespread in all types of billiard games.
Beam(snooker) - the space by the headboard and the line of the beam.
Running screw- a kind of side (see also the reverse screw). It is used primarily to widen the angle of reflection of the cue ball from the board when performing exits, wagering and strikes from the board.
Billiard chalk- a special abrasive substance, pressed in the shape of a cube of a standard size and used to mark the cue stick in order to increase its friction against the surface of the cue ball when striking. Targeting allows you to increase the duration of the contact of the cue with the cue ball, give the cue ball a twist and prevent kicks when striking in areas of the cue ball far from the center.
Billiard glove- one of the billiard accessories designed to facilitate the sliding of the cue shaft on the hand (wrist rest). It is usually made of silk or synthetic fibers and is worn on the thumb, index and middle fingers. Nowadays it is becoming more widespread among craftsmen and amateurs.
Cue ball- an unnumbered ball, which is hit with a cue stick during the game. In the pool, scooter and carambola, a white cue ball is used. In Russian billiards, the cue ball can be dark red or yellow, or have a special marking.
Nearby balls- the position when the cue ball and the object ball are spaced from each other at a distance not exceeding the size of a standard billiard crayon (or other distance stipulated by the rules). When hitting a nearby target ball, special rules apply. At the same time, an incorrect hit on nearby balls in Russian billiards is considered a push, and in a pool - as a double blow.
Outset- a decentralized blow with a side spin of the cue ball. It is used primarily for the purpose of widening or narrowing the angles of reflection of the cue ball from the bead. A sidewall with a running screw is used to widen the corners, and a sidewall with a reverse screw is used to narrow the corners. Lateral is one of the main techniques for controlling and controlling the cue ball. It is used when performing a variety of exits, wagering, strikes from the board, as well as when playing the cue ball in the pocket in the "Moscow Pyramid" and in the "American".
Onboard promotion- the acquisition of a cue ball, launched at an angle to the board, lateral twist due to friction on the board cloth. This effect is embedded in any diamond system.
Side effect- the effect of narrowing the angle of reflection of the ball from the side with an increase in the impact force. It is explained by the fact that with a deeper "indentation" of the ball, the effect of damping the longitudinal component of the velocity due to friction against the side cloth is more pronounced, while the transverse one changes direction to the opposite, almost without changing in magnitude. The side effect must be taken into account when performing doublets. When hitting from the side, the cue ball is sometimes given a compensating lateral twist, the so-called running screw.
Diamond system- a method of calculating impacts from the sides with the help of interspersed handrails special marks- "diamonds". Widely used in three-breasted cannon, as well as in the pool, when a direct hit on the next (legal) ball is impossible. The diamond system is built on the basis of only moderately weak natural rolling of the cue ball, providing natural angles of reflection from the bead. With an increase in the force of impact, the side effect begins to take effect. A running screw is used to compensate for it.
Screwing in the cue ball- one of the techniques of playing the cue ball into the pocket (see running screw).
Top of the pyramid- the front ball of the pyramid, located at the rear mark.
Spinning top(Russian) - a cue-ball with an extremely strong lateral rotation around the vertical axis and a relatively slow forward movement towards the pocket. The spinning top is the result of a combination of strong lateral twist of the cue ball with a strong frontal impact of the cue ball and the target ball. It is used mainly when playing the cue ball in the "Moscow Pyramid", and especially in those cases when the position allows you to put the top along the side into the corner pocket. Launching the top in a given direction is a technique of the highest category of complexity, which is best mastered under the guidance of an experienced mentor. (Some billiard players in this narrow sense use the term "screw", but in practice it is given a different, more general meaning.)
Popped ball- the ball, after the completion of the blow, outside the playing surface of the table and pockets.
Exposing- a procedure specially stipulated in the rules of each specific game for returning the popped and incorrectly pocketed aiming balls to the playing surface of the table.
Exit- a productive positional kick, when the cue-ball, having directed one object ball into the pocket, enters a position convenient for playing into the pocket of the next one. Quitting is the most effective way to play the game. He plays a pivotal role in pool, snooker and American where success comes not from singles but from streaks.
Lip- the beveled part of the elastic bead, located in the alignment of the pocket.
Double punch- a forbidden hit in which the cue stick touches the cue ball twice. The most common double hit occurs when playing on a nearby target ball.
Decentralized strike- hitting with a cue to the side from the center of the ball - higher, lower, left, right, etc. A decentralized blow is applied to give the cue ball a spin.
Bringing to the board(pool) - a requirement for any impact that is not accompanied by a fall into the pocket of an aiming ball, to bring a ball to the side after the cue ball collides (first touch) with the next (legal) aiming ball.
House- the part of the playing surface of the table between the front line and the front board.
Cue shaft- the front of the cue to which the sticker is attached. In a prefabricated cue - part of the cue from the sticker to the screw connection.
Doublet- a blow in which the aiming ball first hits one of the sides, and then falls into the pocket. Doublet should not be confused with side impact.
Natural rolling- the movement of the ball on the playing surface of the table without slipping. The rolling cue ball combines forward motion with natural top spin (see natural roll). In natural rolling, the speed of the point of contact with the felt is zero, so the linear (peripheral) rotational speed is exactly equal to the translational speed. Natural rolling provides the so-called natural angles of rolling when striking the cut, as well as natural angles of reflection from the beads, provided the bead effect is compensated. The translational motion of any sliding ball (see sliding) eventually transforms into natural rolling until it comes to a complete stop. Natural rolling is to be distinguished from rolling a ball while retaining the imparted top rotation (see rolling roll).
Natural roll-forward- the type of rolling (see rolling, natural rolling).
Hard stop
Hard hit- a blow with poor recoil damping, practically without cue ball accompaniment. A hard hit does not provide a controlled force, nor a specified accuracy, nor a transfer of a specified rotation to the cue ball. The severity of the blow is primarily associated with excessive compression of the cue and the tension of the wrist joint.
Pocketed ball- see ball played.
Completion of the blow- stop on the playing surface of the table of all set in motion, including those rotating in place, balls.
Hanging ball- a ball that has stopped after completing a hit in the pocket in a position of unstable balance.
Back line- a line through the aft mark parallel to the short side.
Back mark- a point on the longitudinal line equidistant from the center mark and the tailgate.
Order- the requirement for the player to declare, before striking, the aiming ball and the pocket in which it will be played. A distinction is made between a strict order (for example, when playing "Russian Pyramid"), which must be announced before each, even the most simple and obvious blow to the pocket, and a gentleman's order (for example, when playing "Eight"), when obvious to the judge and the opponent balls can not be ordered, but the referee or the opponent has the right to clarify the order before hitting.
Custom pocket- a pocket declared in the order, into which the player intends to hammer an aiming ball.
Custom balloon- the aiming ball announced in the order, which the player is going to put into the ordered pocket.
Closed stop- one of the options for the wrist rest. It is usually used when it is necessary to strike with a strong twist of the cue ball.
Hand play(pool) - striking a cue ball from any place on the playing surface of the table after an opponent violates the rules of the game.
Hand play from home- Striking a cue ball from anywhere in the house. The rules for this blow in the pool and Russian billiards are different.
Hand play from sector(snooker) - striking a cue ball from any place in the sector, including its border, at any next ball.
Table playing surface- the flat surface of the billiard table covered with cloth between the elastic sides.
Play stand- the position of the body, legs and arms of the player during the execution of the blow.
Game approach- the entry into the game of one of the rivals.
Cannon- 1) a kind of hole-free billiards; 2) a blow in which the cue-ball, having touched one object ball, hits another. In the eponymous version of the hole-free billiards, the carom is a productive blow, which gives the right to continue its series. In many pocket billiard games, carom is widely used as a tactical technique (see, for example, tamping). The cannon plays a special role when playing "Nine", when the cue-ball directs the nine into the pocket, having touched the next targeting ball. When performing carom, a wide variety of methods of cue ball control are used.
Cue- billiard equipment used to strike the cue ball. Each class of billiard games has its own, well-defined type of cue of the proper size and weight. There are cues for pool, snooker, Russian billiards, etc.
Kix- an unsuccessful hit with the cue sticker slipping on the surface of the cue ball. To prevent kicks, the cue sticker should be carefully chalked up with special billiard chalk. This is especially important when performing decentralized shots that give the cue ball a spin.
Brush support- accompanying movement of the hand when twisting the cue ball.
Wrist rest- placing a hand supporting and guiding the cue shaft when performing a strike.
Masonry- the player's ability to deliver effective aimed strikes on the pocket. Brickwork is an essential technical element of any pocket game. However, it becomes a formidable weapon only when combined with the control of the cue ball and the experience of positional play. By itself, even a good clutch does not always bring success in a serious fight. A beginner betting only on the clutch usually loses to a more experienced positional player.
Cluster(pool) - an accumulation of two or more balls, when none of them is pocketed. The presence of clusters has a decisive influence on the tactics and the course of the game in the "Eight" (see tamping).
Combo hit- a blow in which an object ball falls into the pocket after the cue ball collides with another object ball.
Countertouch- repeated collision of the cue ball with the aiming ball. This is especially the case when the aiming ball is close to the side. You should always remember about the possibility of counter-fire when preparing for the next blow.
Cue ball control- the ability to stop the cue-ball at a given point of the playing surface of the table after the end of the strike. Along with the techniques, the control of the cue ball forms the basis of the fundamentals of positional play. Control of the cue ball is necessary when executing any positional shot, whether it is going out or playing back. But in essence, whoever controls the cue ball controls the entire game. A beginner billiard player should always remember this. A wide arsenal of techniques is used to control the cue ball, but the most important thing is the ability to control the strength and, accordingly, the size of the blow.
Aiming ball control- the ability to stop an aiming ball at a given point on the playing surface of the table. Along with control of the cue ball, control of the aiming ball is necessary for most positional shots. It is especially important when playing, tamping, setting a mask and a watchman. The rules for playing many billiard games ("American", "Eight", "Nine", etc.) require, in some cases, bringing the aiming ball to the side. Control of the aiming ball is based on correct cutting and the ability to adjust the force of the impact, taking into account the roll.
Legal ball- see the next ball.
Beam line(snooker) - straight, parallel to the front board and spaced from it by 1/5 of the table length.
Blow return line(pool) - the part of the longitudinal line of the table from the back mark to the back board, on which the popping out aiming balls are exposed.
House line- see the front line.
Aiming line- a straight line connecting the center of the cue ball with the aiming point. Stable direction of movement of the cue strictly along the aiming line is a guarantee of the accuracy of the strike.
Slip line- a straight line passing through the aiming point, parallel to the tangent to the point of impact.
Frontal impact- collision of the cue ball with the aiming ball during a frontal impact, when the aiming point coincides with the center of the aiming ball. In a head-on collision, all the energy of the cue ball's translational motion is transferred to the aiming ball. However, the rotational energy remaining at the moment of collision is basically conserved. Frontal impact plays an important role in the performance of a number of techniques (roll forward, stop, retract, spinning top, etc.).
Frontal blow- hitting the aiming ball with a cue ball, not when cutting ("in the forehead"). Frontal impact should not be confused with direct impact.
Mask- the position when one or more object balls interfere with making a direct hit on a specific aiming ball while maintaining the straightness of the cue ball trajectory. Masking is one of the most common methods of playing a positional game in almost all types of billiards, but its role is especially great in pool and snooker, when another (legal) aiming ball or balls are masked. The ability to put on the mask and get out of the mask is a must for any serious player.
Mass- a special category of strikes on the cue-ball with an inclined or vertically raised cue. These beats are of French origin and are borrowed from the cannon. They are characterized by extremely strong horizontally oriented rotation with prolonged slip with a relatively small proportion of the imparted translational motion. It is essentially a horizontal top. In the pool, the mass is often used to get out of the mask. In this case, a strong, but soft, decentralized blow is applied to the cue ball at an angle of about 70 degrees with an extremely strong lateral twist. When hitting the right half of the ball, the cue ball, under the influence of the impact force, first sharply deviates forward and to the left, and then, due to strong rotation with a slip, it goes to the right, bending around the masking aiming ball or balls. When carrying out the mass, it is especially important to ensure reliable contact of the sticker with the cue ball and a stable direction of movement of the cue. The possibility of using the mass largely depends on the quality of the billiard table and, above all, the cloth. Not every billiard table allows you to carry out the mass, and even more so to control the trajectory of the cue ball. It is necessary to clarify this issue before the game. Masse belongs to the hits of the highest category of difficulty, and it is practically recommended to master it under the guidance of an experienced coach.
Typewriter- billiard accessory used as a support for the cue when striking a distant cue ball.
Soft blow- shock with good recoil absorption. Only on a soft, well-damped shock can a stable direction of acceleration and tracking be ensured, that is, strike accuracy. The softness of the blow is provided by the ease of grip of the cue and the relaxation of the wrist joint (wrist) in proportion to the force of the blow.
Soft stop- a kind of stopping the cue ball.
Tune- a kind of positional strike, as a result of which one or several target balls move to a more convenient playing position for the player from the point of view of the further development of the party. Play is one of the basic techniques of positional play. It is widely used in almost all billiard games. Winning can be combined with an effective hit to the pocket (see tamping), which allows you to continue your streak at the table in a more advantageous position, or with wagering. When performing a play, control of both the cue ball and the aiming ball is important.
Roll forward- a blow in which the cue-ball, after collision with the object ball, retains residual upper rotation. Along with stopping and pulling back, rolling is one of the main techniques for controlling and controlling the cue ball. It is used in a wide variety of game situations. Depending on the nature of the collision, a distinction should be made between natural and sliding roll. With natural rolling, the cue ball retains its natural rolling until it hits. With natural frontal roll, the cue ball continues rolling in the same direction with virtually no delay. When hitting a cut, this roll-up provides the so-called natural rolling angles. Natural roll is not technically difficult, and beginners often build the whole game on this kick.
When rolling, the cue ball, up to the point of collision, retains sliding with top rotation (imparted upon impact or acquired by spinning. Unlike natural rolling, sliding rolling allows a very different combination of the energy of translational and rotational motion. With a sliding head-on while maintaining strong overhead rotation, the cue ball first slips in place and then vigorously rolls forward. “Moscow pyramid.” A strong sliding roll, especially at a large distance from the target ball, is technically much more difficult. , from two and more her sides.
Cue sticker- a piece of specially processed leather glued to the end of the cue shaft, which is in direct contact with the cue ball when performing a blow. Currently, stickers, along with other accessories, are produced by many specialized firms. The diameter of the sticker varies from 11 to 14 mm, depending on the type of cue and the type of game.
Beginning of the strike- the moment of contact of the cue sticker with the cue ball.
Initial strike- the procedure for introducing the cue ball into the game specially stipulated by the rules (see the rules of specific games).
Wrong break(pool) - violation of special requirements relating only to the execution of the initial blow (break) in specific pocket billiard games, providing for the fall into the pocket of one or bringing to the side a specified number of balls.
Reverse screw- a kind of sidewall (see also running screw). It is used primarily to narrow the angle of reflection of the cue ball from the board when performing exits, wagering and strikes from the board. At the same time, the cue ball is given a lateral rotation in such a direction that, due to friction against the side cloth, it receives a braking, "oncoming" impulse that dampens the longitudinal component of the velocity. The counter impulse is the greater, the stronger the rotation and friction against the side. Accordingly, the narrower the angle of reflection.
NOTE. The angle of reflection, as well as for a mirror, is measured from the perpendicular. Therefore, the angle between the direction of movement of the reflected cue ball and the board becomes, on the contrary, wider. A strong reverse screw can not only reduce, but also change the angle of reflection of the cue ball from the side to the opposite one in sign (hence its name). The reverse screw is also widely used in Russian billiards when the cue-ball is played at an angle to the pocket, when the cue-ball inevitably touches one of the jaws before falling. In the overwhelming majority of cases, in order to screw the cue ball into the pocket due to the running screw, the intermediate collision of the cue ball with the aiming ball must occur with the return screw. It is to this game decision that most real positions lead. In any case, after the impact, the cue-ball retains the given lateral rotation direction. The friction between the balls can only slow it down slightly.
The peculiarities of the collision with the return propeller are due to a small braking counter impulse in the direction of the tangent to the point of collision. Friction between balls is relatively small, therefore, the effects listed below are manifested to a much lesser extent than side ones, however, they must be taken into account when performing many blows: 1) the reverse screw narrows the rolling angle during natural and sliding roll; 2) the reverse screw reduces the length of the residual slip and increases the steepness of the arc during sliding impacts; 3) the reverse screw narrows the rollback angle when performing a guy. When performing exits and wagering, it must be borne in mind that the reverse screw reduces the size of the blow.
Stop(cue ball) - one of the main techniques for controlling the cue ball (see also flat kick). When executed correctly, the cue-ball stops immediately after a head-on collision with the aiming ball. To stop, it is necessary that the collision be flat, that is, the cue-ball at the moment of collision retains only sliding translational motion without upper, lower or lateral rotation. A distinction should be made between hard and soft stops. When a hard stop is applied swipe just below the center of the cue ball with almost no lower twist, in the expectation that due to the impact force, the cue ball will not have time to unwind on the cloth and will maintain a sliding translational movement until the collision. In Russian billiards, a hard stop is usually used with a strong direct hit into a corner pocket.
When performing a soft stop, the cue ball is dealt almost the same blow as when pulling (with a bottom twist). The force of impact, however, is calculated in such a way that, due to the friction against the cloth, the cue ball has lost the lower twist given to it at the time of collision with the aiming ball, not earlier and not later. Usually, professional players prefer a soft stop by hitting the very bottom of the cue ball. It is also called the slider stop, as it is preceded by strong braking of the cue ball. A special type of stopping is a stop at a rolling stop.
Along with coasting and pulling back, stopping is one of the main technical elements of any billiard game. It is used both when exiting and when wagering, when it is necessary to put the cue ball in place of the aiming ball.
Stop at the rental- stopping the cue ball on a quiet natural frontal roll, when all the forward motion is transferred to the aiming ball, and the remaining rotation of the cue ball is extinguished due to friction between the balls. Being the most in a simple way stopping the cue ball, often used in practical play.
Residual slip- sliding of the cue ball after collision with the aiming ball when performing a sliding blow on cutting. Residual slip always occurs in the direction of the slip line, that is, in the direction of the tangent to the point of impact. With a flat hit, the cue-ball continues its straight-line motion strictly along the sliding line. With a sliding reel, the cue ball retains the given upward rotation at an angle to the sliding line. As a result of lateral slipping, the trajectory is curved and the cue ball moves along a convex arc. Due to friction against the cloth, the movement inevitably turns into natural rolling forward - rolling. The mechanism of the trajectory curvature during a guy is the same. Due to the combination of the residual sliding with the residual lower rotation, the cue ball first moves along a concave arc, after which the movement turns into natural rolling backward - rollback.
Recoil- the reverse effect of the cue ball on the cue when executing a blow in full accordance with Newton's third law. In relation to a billiard game, it can be formulated as follows: the force of the impact of the cue on the cue ball is equal to the force of the impact of the cue ball on the cue. When performing a strong, but hard blow, the recoil through the cue is transferred to the hand that is firmly squeezing it. From this twitches an elbow, a shoulder. As a result, accuracy suffers.
Rollback- natural rolling of the cue ball backward due to the residual lower rotation after collision with the aiming ball when performing a pullback. A controlled pullback is a prerequisite for getting out and playing back (see also pullback angle).
Open break(pool) - a special requirement relating only to the initial blow (breaking) and providing for the mandatory bringing to the side of at least four target balls or the fall of at least one into the pocket.
Open table("Eight") - initial stage games of "Eight", when no groups of balls (solid or striped) have been selected yet. When the table is open, special rules apply (see Game Rules).
Open stop- the simplest and most common way to place the hand. It is used primarily in cases where it is required to strike without a strong twist of the cue ball, as well as when striking distant balls.
Guy- a blow in which the cue-ball retains residual lower rotation after collision with the aiming ball. Along with coasting and stopping, the haulage is one of the main techniques for controlling and controlling the cue ball. When performing a quickdraw, it is important not to allow the cue ball to unwind prematurely. With a strong frontal pull, the cue ball first slips in place, and then vigorously rolls back. As the cut increases, the cue ball bounces off the targeting ball in a pronounced concave arc. The lead is widely used when performing a wide variety of exits and wagering, as well as when playing the cue ball in the "Moscow Pyramid", less often in the "American".
Roleplaying- positional blow, minimizing the opponent's chances of a subsequent effective hit. Roleplaying can be passive (forced) and active. Active roleplaying, as a rule, is combined with other tactical techniques, for example, playing or putting on a mask. At the same time, various techniques are used to control the cue ball and the aiming ball. The wagering rules in different billiard games differ significantly. For example, when playing "Eight", it is possible, for tactical reasons, by declaring wagering before the strike, to score an obvious aiming ball and pass the blow to the opponent. The sense, however, is the same - to leave the opponent an unfavorable position for him.
Position evaluation- the most important element of positional play. It provides for the adoption of one or another game decision, taking into account the position of all balls on the playing surface of the table. When evaluating the position, it is necessary first of all to determine where the cue-ball should be stopped (“put”) after the end of the stroke (see control of the cue-ball).
Another ball(pool, snooker) - an aiming ball, with which, in accordance with the rules of the game, the first impact (touch) of the cue ball should take place. In this sense, a more general term is also used - a legal ball, for example, a ball of its own group when playing "Eight".
Party ball("Russian Pyramid") - an aiming ball, the correct play of which in the pocket brings victory in the game.
Stalemate position("Eight", "Russian Pyramid") - a position when any blow by each of the opponents leads to an inevitable defeat in the game (see the Rules of the Game).
Front line- a line through the forward mark parallel to the short side. The front line is not part of the home. If the center of the ball is exactly on the front line, then it is considered to be outside the house.
Front mark- a point on the longitudinal line of the table equidistant from the center mark and the headboard.
Jump(pool) - a blow in which the cue ball breaks off the playing surface of the table and jumps over the masking aiming ball. Used in the pool to get out of the mask. The way of making a correct jump is stipulated by the rules. The main requirement is to strike with a raised cue ball in the upper half of the cue ball. The jump is based on a springy elastic effect. Having received a shock impulse from the cue from above, and from below, almost the same impulse from the plate, the cue ball compresses and bounces like a ball. The jump, as a rule, is performed with a special lightweight cue and a completely relaxed hand in such a way that, under the influence of the recoil force, the cue immediately bounces back, without repeatedly colliding with the bouncing cue ball. Naturally, this is a very complex technique that needs to be specially worked out.
Pyramid- the initial arrangement of aiming balls in the form of an equilateral triangle with apex at the rear mark, used in many pocket billiard games.
Plane impact- collision of the cue-ball with a stationary aiming ball if the cue-ball at the moment of collision retains only sliding translational motion without upper, lower or lateral rotation. A flat frontal collision causes the cue ball to stop. In a plane impact on the cut (flat impact), the cue ball and the aiming ball diverge at an angle of 90 degrees (see the flat impact rule).
Flat blow- sliding (as a rule, strong) blow, during which the cue-ball retains only sliding translational motion at the moment of impact. A flat kick ensures that the cue ball hits the target ball flat. It occupies an intermediate (neutral) position between the coast and the guy line. The concept of a flat hit is essentially a generalization of the concept of a hit with a stop cue ball for the case of a hit on a cut. From the point of view of the technique of striking the cue ball, a stop and a flat strike are performed in exactly the same way. Like a stop, a flat hit can be hard or soft. For a flat impact, the flat impact rule applies. It is used in the case when it is necessary to reflect the cue ball from the object ball along a straight path (without an arc) in the direction of the tangent to the point of impact. Such a need often arises in Russian billiards when playing the cue ball into a pocket or when applying a strong aimed blow to wagering with the cue ball on board, etc. In a pool, a strong flat blow is used, in particular, when knocking (breaking) clusters, as well as in cases when it is necessary to play an aiming ball and prevent the cue ball from falling into the pocket.
Padding- a kind of tune, when the cue-ball, directing the aiming ball into the pocket, knocks one or more object balls in such a way that they take positions more convenient for the continuation of the series. This blow can also be considered as a special case of the cannon. Padding is very common in pool, snooker and American. When playing "Eight", it is used to destroy clusters. Its role is especially great in the game "14. 1 with a continuation", since only knocking out a new pyramid of fourteen balls with a cannon from the fifteenth ball allows you to continue your streak. And in essence, the whole party is based on this particular blow.
Twist- giving the cue ball rotation in a given direction. In fact, the whole technique of control and management of the cue ball is based on giving the cue ball, along with the translational movement of a wide variety of twists. The twist has two sides. On the one hand, you need to be able to give the cue ball a given rotation. On the other hand, it is necessary to keep it until it collides with the aiming ball or side. In pocket billiards, most of the strokes are performed with a horizontally oriented cue. In this case, a decentralized blow is applied - above, below, to the left or to the right of the center of the ball. The upper twist is used for rolling, the lower twist is used for stopping and pulling, the lateral twist is used for the side. However, these fundamental techniques are not limited to their scope. Raised cue strikes are classified as mass. They have special effects and trajectories of the cue ball. When transferring a spin to the cue ball, the correct hemispherical shape of the sticker and its good friction with the cue ball surface, as well as the softness of the blow and the smoothness of the accompaniment, are of particular importance. Brush accompaniment plays a special role in this.
Positional play- a set of tactical techniques (positional strikes) designed to facilitate the game for oneself and make it difficult for the opponent to play. Positional play is constructed in such a way as to ensure the continuation of the game in a more advantageous (simple) position and, on the contrary, to pass the blow to the opponent in a disadvantageous (difficult) position. In this sense, billiards is most like chess. The idea of an active positional strategy is to build such positions that do not give the opponent the opportunity to win back satisfactorily and force him to either break the rules or put the cue ball in a position where it is convenient to start his series of effective strikes. Possibilities for positional play in different billiard games are far from the same. Accordingly, the set of tactics used is also different. However, the main thing in any positional game is position assessment and control of the cue ball.
Positional strike- a tactical technique, the purpose of which is to improve the position in their favor. Effective positional shots (for example, exit, tamping) allow you to continue your streak in a more advantageous position. Positional blows that are not accompanied by a ball falling into the pocket (for example, playing, playing, masking) are designed to pass the blow to the opponent in a position that is more advantageous for himself and less advantageous for him.
Slider- glancing blow using the braking effect of the lower twist. The slider is usually used when hitting a distant aiming ball, when it is necessary to reduce the speed of the cue ball at the moment of impact. Belongs to the category of complex techniques from the arsenal of professional craftsmen.
Full stop- cessation of any movement of the ball, including lateral rotation in place.
Lip setting- the position when the lip of the pocket does not allow a direct hit with the cue ball: in Russian billiards - on any aiming ball, in pool and snooker - on the next (legal) ball.
Consecutive violations(pool) - violations of the rules committed by the same player during the execution of the first blow in successive game approaches. The rules of some pool games, in particular the Nines, do not allow more than three consecutive violations.
Handrail- the upper part of the bead not covered with cloth.
Plane Impact Rule- the rule according to which, during a plane collision on cutting (when the cue ball at the moment of collision with a stationary aiming ball retains only sliding translational motion without rotation), the cue ball and the aiming ball after the collision diverge at an angle of 90 degrees (see divergence angle), while the aiming ball moves along the normal, and the cue ball is tangential to the point of impact.
Aim- the procedure for determining the point of impact, points