Kasparov champion. Garry Kasparov ChessPro. Garry Kasparov grandmaster

A family:

Born on April 13, 1963 in Baku in the family of an engineer. Mother Clara Shagenovna- Armenian (native of Nagorno-Karabakh), father Kim Moiseevich Weinstein- Jew, died in 1970 from sarcoma.

Until the age of 8, he bore his father's surname - Weinstein. In 1981, Klara Shagenovna left her job (she was an automation specialist, scientific secretary at a research institute) to devote herself entirely to her son's career. She even received a salary from the sports committee on a par with professional coaches. And soon became the main confidant son, who accompanied him everywhere. The coaches eventually became hired personnel.

Three marriages. First wife Maria Arapova- a graduate of the philological faculty of Moscow State University. Maria in 1992 gave birth to Harry's daughter Pauline. Second wife - student of the Faculty of Economics Yulia Vovk ... This marriage of Kasparov lasted nine years and a son Vadim was born in it (1996), and after the divorce, the chess player married for the third time - to a socialite Daria Tarasova, who in 2006 bore him a daughter, Aida, and in 2015, a son, Nikolos.

Biography before politics:

At the age of 4, Harry learned to read, loved geography and history. At the age of 7, he dreamed of becoming a doctor in order to save his terminally ill father. He began to study chess at the age of six in the chess circle of the Baku House of Pioneers. At 9 years old he fulfilled the norm of the 1st category, at 10 years old - a candidate for master of sports. Since 1973 he studied at a chess school Mikhail Botvinnik.

In 1975 he won the "Baku Cup" among adults. Winner of the USSR Youth Championships 1976 and 1977. Since 1978 - Master of Sports, since 1979 - International Master. Played for the team "Spartacus".

In 1980 Garry Kasparov received three gold medals - for excellent graduation from school, winning the world championship among young men, and also for participating in the USSR national team at the World Chess Olympiad. After three convincing victories at international tournaments in Yugoslavia(Banja Luka, 1979, Bugoino, 1982, Niksic, 1983) Yugoslav newspapers, noting the rich imagination and speed of calculating the options, called it "a computer with a soul."

As part of the USSR national team, he became the winner Olympiad 1980, 1982 and 1986, and as part of the Russian national team - 1992. Since 1980 he has been an international grandmaster. During the preliminary matches for the title of world champion, he won against Alexander Belyavsky and Viktor Korchnoi (1983), and in the final match of the candidates - against Vasily Smyslov (1984).

On October 19, 1984, his confrontation began with Anatoly Karpov, which kept the chess world in suspense for more than 10 years. Their first match in Moscow lasted 159 days (up to 6 victories), which after 48 games remained unfinished for the first time in chess history. Losing 0: 5, Kasparov seemed doomed to lose the match, but managed to resist and brought the score to 3: 5 with 40 draws.

Six months later, in September 1985, their new match took place in Moscow, in which Kasparov won with a score of 13:11 and at the age of 22 became the 13th world champion - the youngest in the history of chess. In 1986 he won the rematch 12.5: 11.5 in Leningrad. In 1987 in Seville, their match ended in a draw, which allowed him to retain the title of world champion; in 1990 (New York - Lyon), he won the world championship match against Karpov with a score of 12.5: 11.5.

In total, Kasparov played 144 games with Karpov in five matches (he won 21, lost 19, 104 ended in a draw).

In 1986 Kasparov graduated from the Azerbaijan Pedagogical Institute of Foreign Languages.

Harry was one of the initiators of the founding PCA (Professional Chess Association), under the auspices of which the next world championship matches were held in 1993 in London with Nigel Short (12.5: 7.5) and 1995 in New York with Viswanathan Anand (10.5: 7.5). In 2000 in London Kasparov lost Vladimir Borisovich Kramnik (6,5:8,5).

In 1987, Kasparov initiated the creation of a counterbalance FIDE International Grand Masters Association (GMA) and was elected its first president. In 1988-1990, he tried to deprive FIDE of the right to host matches for the men's world championship and to restrict its rights in general. In this campaign, he was not supported by the GMA and left its governing bodies.

In 1989 he was elected president USSR Chess Union, which in 1991 was transformed into the International Chess Union.

In 1993, Kasparov and Candidates' match winner Nigel Short announced their intention to host a world championship match outside of FIDE. In response, FIDE appointed an alternative match for the world title with the participation of Jan Timman and Anatoly Karpov.

The fights between Kasparov and the "electronic chess player", a powerful computer program, aroused great interest in the world. "Deep blue"... Kasparov was one of the first athletes to fly under the Russian flag (1990).

In 1999, he played a unique game against the rest of the world, which lasted 124 days on the Internet. Over 3 million chess fans from 75 countries of the world played against Kasparov, which became an absolute Internet record. The game ended with the victory of the world champion in a deep queen endgame.

Was awarded the chess "Oscar" - a prize awarded International Chess Press Association in 1982, 1983, 1985-1989. Awarded Order of the Red Banner of Labor... He managed to turn chess into an exciting show, making this game no less emotional than hockey or football.

Garry Kasparov has achieved great success in business, proof of this - "Order of the Eagle", founded by Russian entrepreneurs and a victory in the "Business man - a formula for success" competition.

In 1990 he became one of the co-founders of the radio station "Echo of Moscow", for a long time owned a large block of its shares, which in the mid-1990s he ceded to Vladimir Gusinsky.

Continuing the best traditions of world champions, Garry Kasparov pays much attention to social and literary activities in the field of chess; organizes and supports children's chess schools in Russia, Spain, France, England, Germany, USA, Israel; promotes the maximum use of modern computer technology and television in the interests of popularizing chess in the world; defends the idea of ​​the professionalization of chess in the interests of their progress as a sport, science and art.

Propagandist of historical theories Fomenko (a complete revision of the entire chronology of human history; professional historians and linguists recognize this theory as the product of ignorance and megalomania of its creators).

Political biography:

In 1984 Kasparov joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, was elected a member of the Central Committee of the Komsomol and a member of the Central Committee of the Komsomol of Azerbaijan.

In 1990 he left the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. During the consideration by the Constitutional Court of the issue of the constitutionality of decrees Yeltsin banning the activities of the CPSU, demanded that the CPSU be recognized as a criminal organization and stated that he joined it for career reasons.

In the spring of 1990 he took an active part in the creation of the Democratic Party of Russia (DPR). He became a member of the Free Democratic faction of the DPR (after the 1st Congress of the DPR in December 1990, this faction was transformed into the Liberal faction).

In January 1991 he was elected chairman of the Moscow organization of the DPR (replacing Valentin Poluektov).

I got from the leader of the DPR Travkin to agree to join the party on January 13, 1991 in the Movement "Democratic Russia"(DR), was delegated from the DR to the DR Council of Representatives and, on an individual basis, was elected to the DR Coordinating Council.

He was one of the co-owners and president of the joint-stock company "Information and Publishing Association" Democratic Russia ", which published the newspaper" Democratic Russia. " Liberal Union "(LS).

In June 1993 he took part in the creation of the pre-election bloc of reformist forces "Russia's Choice".

In September 1993, he fully supported the Decree Boris Yeltsin about the dissolution of parliament and new elections, saying that this is how you can open the way to the establishment of true democracy in the country.

In December 1993, at the parliamentary elections, he supported the "Russia's Choice" bloc, took part in the election campaign.

In the presidential elections in 1996, he was a confidant of a candidate for President of the Russian Federation Yeltsin.

In the spring of 1997, he supported the initiative of the general Alexander Lebed on the creation of the union "Third Force" and the Russian People's Republican Party, became its financial advisor.

On January 19, 2004, the Committee "2008: Free Choice" was created, the main purpose of which was declared to be opposition to the regime of the president's personal power. In September 2004, shortly after the Beslan hostage-taking, he published in The wall street journal See the article "Putin Must Leave."

In December 2004 he acted as one of the organizers of the All-Russian Civil Congress (ARC), on December 12, 2004 became a member of its founders and the "Action Committee", was elected one of the four co-chairs of the ARC (along with, Georgy Satarov and Alexandrov Auzan).

On March 10, 2005, immediately after winning the chess tournament in Linares, he announced the end of his sports career:

“In chess I have done everything I could, even more. Now I intend to use my intellect and strategic thinking in Russian politics. This is not a departure, but a transition. I am moving into an area where I can positively apply my potential. I believe that now the country is moving in the wrong direction, so we need to help Russia, help Russian citizens make the country comfortable, fair and free ... I will do my best to resist Putin's dictatorship. It is very difficult to play for a country whose power is anti-democratic. And this problem I will decide together with those who are dear and not indifferent to Russia ".

On April 6, 2005, Kasparov came up with an initiative to create a special public Fund of Assistance to Victims of Terrorist Attacks of Putin's Russia and made a first installment of $ 25,000.

On May 16, 2005, he took part in a rally in front of the building of the Meshchansky court among his supporters during the announcement of the verdict in the case. The police, pushing the protesters away from the courthouse, tried to detain him, but Kasparov's security did not allow him to do so.

On May 18, 2005, at a public meeting in Novosibirsk, he announced the creation of a United Civil Front capable of "dismantling the Putin regime." According to Kasparov, the front’s main task will be "to create a free political platform where normal elections can be held in 2008."

May 30, 2005 at "Novaya Gazeta" was published "Manifesto of the united civil front", which was signed by several politicians, including Kasparov. It, in particular, said:

"Our country is ruled by a regime that contradicts the interests of both Russia as a whole and practically all of its citizens ... Today, it is already clear to many that the further rule of Vladimir Putin will ultimately inevitably lead to the complete degradation of our state and to its speedy collapse ... It is no coincidence that we called the new organization a “front.” We are not just in opposition to the regime of Vladimir Putin, we, in principle, do not recognize the current regime as legitimate".

"The verdict puts a bold line under the whole stage of Putin's rule. Kremlin officials have shown that they are ready to do anything to stay at the helm, and that no legal transfer of power in Russia as a result of democratic elections and within the framework of the constitution will take place. Now the Putin regime is left with to take the last step on the way to a bright Turkmen-Belarusian future - to use armed force against popular demonstrations ... ".

On November 15, 2005, the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation registered United Civil Front(OGF) as an interregional public association.

In January 2006, he offered to support a member of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation in the by-election to the State Duma of the Russian Federation in the Medvedkovsky constituency in Moscow Elena Lukyanova as a single opposition candidate.

On February 25, 2006, at the first UGF conference, he suggested that all opposition forces adopt the "single candidate program" in which he identified two directions: the return by the state of its internal debt, first of all, various deposits of the population, and also "the question of the responsibility of today's leaders for the fact that happening in the country. "

"We must include in our lexicon such a word as" lustration. " ...

In March 2006 he signed with and Georgy Satarov an appeal by the Action Committee of the All-Russian Civil Congress to the parliaments of the G7 countries, which stated that "the disastrous and threatening state of affairs in Russia has developed with the tacit consent and with the obvious connivance of the governments of the leading world powers, which, paying due attention to the threats to democracy and the violation of the rights and freedoms of citizens in different parts of the globe, show amazing indifference to what is happening today in Russia, in which it is bad and scary to live. "

On July 11-12, 2006, a conference was held in Moscow "Other Russia" prepared by the leadership of the VGK headed by Kasparov, and Satarov... The conference delegates signed a joint declaration in which they declared the need to restore democratic institutions and create a "permanent meeting operating in the regime of regular consultations", and also supported the proposal to develop a program of national accord.

In the fall of 2006 "Other Russia" from a consultative "round table" on the basis of the All-Russian Civil Congress, it has actually been transformed into a radical opposition right-left political coalition; in November 2006, a permanent Political Conference was established "Another Russia", which included Kasparov (from the OGF), (RNDS), (NBP), (RPR) and Victor Anpilov(Party "Labor Russia").

Organized by the "Other Russia" "marches of dissent" Also participating are regional organizations (in particular, Moscow and St. Petersburg) of the radical democratic "Defense" and the Stalinist "Vanguard of Red Youth" (AKM).

Continues to advocate for the creation of a broad non-ideological opposition coalition. However, attempts to attract to the "Other Russia" and were not crowned with success; in March 2007 left the Political Conference of the Other Russia V. Anpilov, in the summer of 2007 he left "Other Russia".

On September 30, 2007, the campaign began to nominate Kasparov as a candidate for the presidency of Russia in the March 2008 elections "Another Russia": coalition congress elected Kasparov as single candidate. In November, he was sentenced to five days in prison for participating in an unsanctioned march. Kasparov's arrest was condemned by the non-governmental Amnesty International, who recognized Kasparov as a prisoner of conscience and called for his release. On December 13, Kasparov announced his withdrawal from his candidacy because he did not hold the voter meeting necessary to nominate an independent candidate.

January 17, 2008 two co-chairs of the Supreme Command - head Moscow Helsinki Group Lyudmila Alekseeva and the president Indem Foundation Georgy Satarov- resigned, explaining their departure by disagreements with the third co-chair, Garry Kasparov.

April 5, 2008 participated in the conference "New Agenda for the Democratic Movement" in St. Petersburg. At the conference, it was decided to create a coordination group of 12 people for the preparation of the congress of the democratic forces of Russia, scheduled for autumn 2008 ( G.Kasparov, , , Vladimir Bukovsky, Maxim Reznik, co-chairman of the youth, executive director of the UGF Denis Bilunov, member of the UGF Bureau Alexander Ryklin, director of the museum. Sakharova Yuri Samodurov, economist Vladimir Milov, leader of the movement "For Human Rights", head of the Samara Igor Ermolenko; July 29, 2008 joined the group Andrey Illarionov).

On June 28-29, 2008, at the Extraordinary V Congress of the All-Russian Civil Congress, he was elected its co-chairman.

In 2008, he became one of the founders and a member of the Federal Bureau of the United Democratic Movement, became a member of the Bureau of the Federal Political Council of the movement.

On March 10, 2010, Kasparov signed an appeal from the Russian opposition "Putin must go"... In the process of preparing the appeal, Kasparov was a member of the group of authors and coordinated the text with other signatories. In the spring and summer of 2010, there was an active collection of signatures under the appeal, meetings of the organizers with the signatories took place. In autumn and winter, rallies were held in Moscow for the resignation of Putin, at which Kasparov also spoke.

In the fall of 2011, he advocated a boycott of the State Duma elections, spoke at mass rallies in Moscow in December 2011 and 2012.

On August 17, 2012 Kasparov was detained at the Khamovnichesky court on the day of the verdict in the case groups Pussy Riot... According to law enforcement agencies, during the arrest, Kasparov bit a police ensign. According to Kasparov himself, this statement is false, and the police, on the contrary, beat him during the arrest. On August 24, the magistrate's court acquitted Kasparov, who was accused of insubordination to police officers.

October 22, 2012 at the elections of the Coordination Council of the opposition on the civil list took third place, gaining 33 thousand votes, losing to and.

On April 7, 2013, at the fourth congress, it was announced that Kasparov would not run for his political council, although he would remain a member of the movement. He himself explained the decision by his disagreement with becoming an "appendage of the party" and participation in "actions that work to legitimize the existing government," such as elections.

In June 2013, Kasparov announced that he had no plans to return to Russia from abroad and would continue to fight "Kremlin criminals" on the international arena. Several politicians criticized Kasparov's decision; and accused Kasparov of cowardice.

On February 27, 2014 Kasparov received Croatian citizenship, where he is a member of the chess club of the city of Vukovar.

In March 2014 Kasparov.ru website became one of four resources that were blocked by Roskomnadzor at the request of the General Prosecutor's Office and without a court decision. According to the position of the prosecutor's office, they contained "calls for illegal activities and participation in mass events held in violation of the established order."

In an interview with Gordon, he said that "A trip to Russia is a one-way ticket for me. If I'm lucky, there will be house arrest.".

On July 6, 2015, the ex-world chess champion had a son, Nicholas. "My wife Dasha and I are pleased to announce that our son Nicholas was born on July 6th. Mom and baby are happy and healthy. Thanks for the good wishes."- Kasparov said on his Twitter page.

From Daria Tarasova Harry had a daughter, Aida, in 2006.

September 5, 2015 in an interview Fox business stated that the president Vladimir Putin together with the Iranian leadership, it seeks to wreak havoc in the Middle East.

“I am sure that he will focus on provoking chaos in the Middle East. We have just received reports that the Russian military is heading to Syria, that they are creating their presence there. I am sure that the alliance of Russia and Iran is trying to seize control over region ".

According to him, the Russian president "very good chances to ignite the whole Middle East" ostensibly in order to cope with the economic situation in Russia.

September 18, 2015 Kasparov in an interview with the Canadian La Presse Canadienne declared that after his death in Russia there was no longer opposition as such, only a few elements.

“As the opposition, we missed our chance in December 2011. On December 24, 120,000 people gathered on Sakharov Avenue, the government was in a panic. Medvedev was still president, and we should have taken the chance to stay there! - Kasparov states with regret. - We had to create an analog "Maidan" in Ukraine. But we did some demonstrations and went home. "

Scandals, gossip:

When it comes to Kasparov's personal life, the first thing they call his romance with Marina Neyelova... Harry was 16 years younger than the actress, but managed to win her heart. Their relationship in the mid-80s lasted for about two years, but the question of marriage did not arise. Klara Shagenovna, Kasparov's mother, convinced him that for the sake of a career he must break with his beloved. When their meetings ended, it turned out that Neyelova was pregnant. Harry's mother Klara Shagenovna made an official statement in the press: "This is not our child" and persuaded her son: "If you want to marry an actress, it is better to marry at once in a whole factory hostel." Valentin Gaft publicly declared that "Kasparov is not worthy to be received in a decent house." The actress herself did not say a word, but simply gave birth to a charming girl, Nick.

Kasparov's first wife was Maria Arapova- a graduate of the philological faculty of Moscow State University, whom Garry Kimovich took care of for three whole years. Maria worked as a translator and her pleasant manners and excellent education impressed Kasparov's mother, Klara Shagenovna, whose opinion has always meant a lot to her son. Three years after their marriage, Maria gave birth to a daughter, Pauline. The birth took place in a hospital in Finland, where the parents of Kasparov's wife worked. But a year after the birth of her daughter, the family broke up. As they say, the grandmaster's mother played an important role in this. When the question arose about improving living conditions, Maria expressed a desire to leave with her mother-in-law, which she could not forgive.

This led to the fact that the personal life of Garry Kasparov was overshadowed for a long time by a difficult divorce proceedings related to the financial claims of his ex-wife, who demanded an increase in payments for the maintenance of her daughter and her share in the acquired property.

"I am not a supporter or instigator of divorce, - told Maria Arapova in an interview. - I feel bitter and hurt. On the contrary, I tried to talk to him, but he does not want to return to us ... They put pressure on me. In particular, if I do not agree to its terms, I will be deprived of my credit card. And, by the way, we have already rushed to put the threat into execution. I feel that he is fighting with us as with his chess players or political opponents. But this is just a woman with your own child. I was disappointed in Harry. God will judge him. "

In the end, they were divorced, and the ex-wife and daughter were sent to America, where Kasparov bought them an expensive apartment. A few years after the divorce, a new love knocked on the personal life of Garry Kasparov - for an eighteen-year-old student of the Faculty of Economics Julia Vovk... The chess player met this beautiful girl in Riga at a banquet held as part of the Mikhail Tal memorial. Soon they got married, and Garry Kasparov after a while became a father again. This marriage of Kasparov lasted nine years, the wife gave her husband a son, Vadim.

It seemed that after the new marriage, the champion's life stabilized, family harmony began ... But at the end of 2004, Harry began to increasingly notice in the society students of the University of St. Petersburg Trade Unions and superstars Dasha Tarasova... The girl is twenty years younger than Kasparov. Harry visited with her different countries, including America, and bought an apartment in the Northern capital - before, Dasha lived outside the city, and now she has moved to the center. It is known that she was practiced in Washington under a program supported by the American government. The money earned was enough to open his own store in the city on the Neva. The girl is well known in St. Petersburg. Her face and extensive interviews graced an almost full-length thick glossy magazine published in St. Petersburg.

According to rumors, Harry bought housing for his second wife, Julia (do not drive her out into the street). Then he sent his son to rest in Turkey, and he flew to St. Petersburg, where he registered a marriage with Dasha. By the way, at the beginning of 2005, at one of Kasparov's press conferences, where he was accompanied by Dasha, she was asked an immodest question: "Where are you Harry?" “I’m his wife,” the girl replied with dignity. Then she was a little hasty, but now it seems that such an answer is just right. The couple had a daughter, Aida.

Scandals accompanied other aspects of the champion's life. So, in 2003, the Israel Bank "First International Bank of Israel" accused former champion World Chess Championship by Garry Kasparov in violation of the terms of a $ 1.6 million loan to Kasparov Chess Online Inc. in September 2000. The bank, headquartered in Tel Aviv, accused Kasparov of shutting down the company's website and discontinuing business, while one of the terms of the loan was to keep the site operating. Thus, according to the bank, Garry Kasparov hinders the company's profitability.

The bank announced that it is referring the case to a Delaware County court. Now financiers are asking to prohibit the closure of the website, to prohibit Garry Kasparov from opening a website that could become a competitor to the existing one, and also demand the return of unintentional damage and legal costs, ABC reports.

Another scandal erupted at the chess supertournament in Linares, which ended with the victory of the Hungarian chess player Peter Leko... During the festive closing ceremony, the results of the journalistic vote for the best game in the tournament were announced. The journalistic brotherhood, led by the famous Spanish chess columnist Leontcho Garcia, awarded the "beauty prize" to 15-year-old Teimur Radjabov for his victory over Kasparov. Garry Kimovich could not bear such an insult. Having lost only for a second the power of speech, he jumped to the microphone and attacked the journalists who made such an "amateurish decision", as well as the organizers who "contributed to this disgrace." Accusing everyone present of malicious intrigues, Kasparov said that he was leaving and would never return, after which he really left the hall where the ceremony was held.

In October 2014, Kasparov published an article on his website of the same name titled "Khodorkovsky and Navalny ignore the opposition's primary task." Earlier, an opposition blogger and the ex-head of Yukos expressed the opinion that Crimea has de facto finally come under Russian jurisdiction, and this must be recognized as an objective reality.

In his article, opposition leader Kasparov accused former associates of fighting the current President of Russia Vladimir Putin in the "verbal balancing act" around the issue of the annexation of the Crimea to Russia.

September 8, 2015 committee FIDE on ethics found the world champion Garry Kasparov guilty of violating the moral code of the federation.

Chess players from South Africa, Romania, Dominican Republic, Belgium and Nepal, of which the Ethics Commission is composed, concluded that he offered or tried to offer a bribe to influence the outcome of the election for the presidency FIDE than violated clause 2.1 of the organization's moral code.

Last year, the 13th world champion tried to remove the permanent Kirsana Ilyumzhinova from the post of FIDE President, but in the midst of the election campaign The New York Times published an article that was devastating for Kasparov. The newspaper noted that the FIDE General Secretary, Singaporean Ignatius Leong unexpectedly jumped over to Kasparov's camp, and found a sensational explanation for this. The publication published a contract under which Leong pledged to provide Garry Kasparov with more than 10 votes in the elections and received half a million dollars from his fund. Kasparov then lost the elections, became president again Kirsan Ilyumzhinov.

The life of the famous chess genius Garry Kasparov is as varied as his analytical mind. The victories in chess that excited the world, the sudden departure at the height of fame, literary and political activities are only a small part of the achievements of the great grandmaster. Truly, the great representatives of humanity are multifaceted and talented in everything.

Childhood

On April 13, 1963, Baku announced the infant cry of the future chess champion... Parents, Weinstein Kim Moiseevich and Kasparyan Klara Shagenovna, were immensely happy. Both were people of engineering specialties, but loved to while away the evenings playing chess.

Little Garik Kasparov (chess player in the future) from an early age showed remarkable intelligence and grasped everything on the fly. Unbeknownst to everyone, the curious kid watched the chess battles of mom and dad, absorbing all sorts of tricks and solutions like a sponge. Once, quite unexpectedly, at the age of 5, he suggested a way out of a chess problem, over which his parents were racking their brains. At this moment, Kim Moiseevich saw the future champion in his son.

In 1970, after the death of his father, the little chess lover begins to visit a section of the local Palace of Pioneers. In the very first year of study, he receives the 3rd category and the road to international competitions opens for him.

From this moment, constant traveling begins. Kasparov (a chess player), whose nationality is Jewish from birth, at that time had the sonorous surname Weinstein. His mother understood that it would be quite difficult for him to achieve success in chess. And in 1974 the surname was changed to Kasparov. Now little Garik is Armenian. Now this position may seem strange, but at that time it was the only correct decision. Anti-Semitic persecution would hardly have allowed a Jew to win and win glory in chess.

The first victories of a young chess player

The beginning of a career for a little chess player was pretty easy. Success was accompanied by a talented child. In 1973, in Vilnius, at the All-Union Youth Games, Kasparov the chess player finds a mentor in the person of the master of sports Alexander Nikitin. Conquered by his young talent, Nikitin gave him a recommendation for admission to a school for deep study of chess art under the guidance of Without thinking twice, in the same year, Garik and his mother went to Dubna, where he entered training without any problems. After a while, Botvinnik himself notices the boy and takes him under his wing, providing all kinds of support.

A year later, Kasparov, a chess player with a capital letter, becomes a participant in the USSR youth championship for the first time. This time he takes only 7th place, which delights the observers, because the age of the other participants is at least 6 years ahead of the age of the little chess player. The next year, the stubborn child returns to the tournament and wins a brilliant victory. At this moment, young talent is noticed higher circles on playing chess and since then they have not taken their gaze, following the achievements of young Garik.

Already at the age of 15, having received a master of sports in playing chess, a genius child participates in the selection for the country's top league. And again he wins. In 1980, at a regular tournament in Baku, the chess player Garry Kasparov received the title of grandmaster, defeating Igor Zaitsev, the coach of his future opponent Anatoly Karpov.

Fight of two "K" for the title "World Champion"

In 1984 Kasparov (chess player) enters into confrontation with the current Anatoly Karpov. The struggle and desire to become the best absorbs both and drags on for 10 years. All this time, the world has been watching the battle of the two greatest chess players with tension.

The first fight begins in the fall of 1984. With what attention the whole world is following the game. The fight has no time limit and the final must be 6 wins of one of the participants. Difficult games, incredible tension do not allow anyone to relax. The fight has been dragging on for 159 days and, perhaps, could have lasted longer, but the President of the International Chess Federation decides to interrupt the chess battle. The result is a draw and the title, according to the rules, remains with Karpov. It is the epochal duel of the two that is included as the first and only unfinished chess battle.

Six months later, Kasparov and Karpov meet again for a decisive battle. This time the fight has a limit of 24 games. On November 9, with a score of 13:11, Garry Kasparov, a chess player whose biography is interesting to his fans, wins a well-deserved victory and becomes the youngest World Champion. At this point, he is only 22 years old.

Over the next 10 years, two brilliant chess players clashed in three more battles. But each of them ends with Kasparov's victory.

The life of a champion

Since receiving the title of world chess champion, Kasparov has repeatedly confirmed his unique talent. Winning tournaments, winning brilliant chess players.

At the same time, Kasparov advocated the opening of the Professional Chess Organization (PCA), which holds a number of matches and tournaments.

In 1993, the chess genius leaves FIDE (International Chess Organization) and almost loses all titles, titles and place in the world ranking. But some time later, justice prevails, and the title returns to its rightful owner.

At this time, Garry Kimovich is actively involved in social activities. Opens schools for young talents, in every way supports the development of chess in various countries. The photo of Kasparov the chess player is recognized all over the world.

The fight between man and computer

In 1996, the creators of computer technology challenge the champion and he, without hesitation, accepts it. Based on curiosity and interest, the genius chess player engages in a battle with the machine. The first match leaves the victory for a man, although Kasparov loses one game. And in May 1997, during the second match, Kasparov was defeated and the computer became the winner of the match.

After losing 2 more times, the grandmaster engages in a chess battle with the machine. Both times the result is a draw.

Years later, Kasparov's interest in computer technology does not fade away and several interesting chess programs have been released on his behalf.

Political career

Despite the colossal employment in the development of his sports career, constant training, traveling, Kasparov is madly attracted by politics.

After the devastating actions in Baku in 1990, the champion moved with his family to Moscow and became involved in the country's political actions. The chess player advocates for the introduction of democracy and promotes the Democratic Party.

At the moment, the political career of the famous chess player is in full swing. A participant in election campaigns, an activist in the creation of parties - a brilliant chess player can no longer imagine life without politics, the main direction of which is still democracy.

Retirement from a sports career

Autumn 2000 becomes, to some extent, a milestone in the life of a grandmaster.
As part of the next tournament to identify the leader in ancient game, turns out to be more successful and wins the great chess player. Kasparov ceases to be the world champion, but only officially.

After the loss, Garry Kimovich, being a multifaceted personality, is not particularly sad and for another 5 years continues to take part in all kinds of chess tournaments and championships. Naturally, winning numerous victories.

And in 2005 he suddenly announced his intention to end his career as a chess player. From that moment on, politics became the main direction of his activity, into which Kasparov plunged headlong.

Literary activity

At the beginning of his movement to the chess Olympus, Kasparov quite often wrote articles that were published in various publications.
In addition, he has written several books on conducting chess games and their ending.

In 1987, the book-autobiography "The Child of Change" was published. Book published on English language and was written not with my own hand, but by dictation to a local journalist. After that Kasparov published several more books, dedicated to their beloved ancient game.

Personal life

The heart life of a famous chess player is as varied as the directions of his activity in the outside world.

In 1986 he met Maria Arapova. Young and lovers enter into an official union two years later, and after another three, the family is replenished. And a wonderful daughter is born - Polina. But everyday problems, conflicts between his beloved wife and an equally dear mother lead to the collapse of the family, and in 1993 the spouses file for a divorce. After a while, the ex-wife and daughter Polina leave the country and currently live in the United States.

Three years later, the chess player Garry Kasparov, whose biography is described in the article, begins to have feelings for the young student and concludes an official marriage with her. Kasparov has a son. But this marriage does not bring happiness and ends in divorce in 2005. After which Kasparov marries the Petersburg woman Daria Tarasova. In marriage, two children are born - a son Nikolai and a daughter Aida.

At the moment, the name of the chess player Kasparov is known all over the world. Garry Kimovich remains the consummate master of chess art who has gone down in history. Winner of several chess Oscars and many awards. A person who, with the unshakable tenacity inherent in his strong character, defends his opinion in the world. A person about whom, even after the end of his life's journey, they will talk and make up legends.

On April 13, the legendary Russian chess player, 13th world champion, eight-time winner of the World Chess Olympiads Garry Kasparov celebrates his 56th birthday. During the Soviet era, his name was well known to every schoolchild, and in recent times practically nothing is known about him - after he moved from Russia to America. What made him decide what secrets he kept long years and other little-known facts - further in the review.

The real name of the chess player is Harry Weinstein. He was Jewish by his father, and Armenian by his mother, so his nationality has caused controversy more than once. Until the age of 11, Harry bore his father's surname, and then his mother, frightened by the intensified anti-Semitic sentiments in the USSR, insisted that her son take her surname. His parents worked in Baku as engineers, and were also seriously fond of chess. At the age of 5, Harry helped his father solve a chess study - then his parents first noticed his talent and enrolled their son in a section at the Palace of Pioneers. Since then, he devoted all his free time to chess. Soon the fame of the prodigy spread far beyond the borders of Baku. At the age of 12, Kasparov became the champion of the USSR in chess among young men, and at the age of 17 he received the title of master of sports. He graduated from school with a gold medal and entered the Baku Pedagogical Institute at the Faculty of Foreign Languages.

In 1970, Garry Kasparov's father died of lymphosarcoma, and since then the mother devoted herself entirely to her son, quitting the research institute and focusing on his career. Many said that it was Klara Shagenovna who raised him to be a champion. Her influence was undivided, as Alexander Nikitin, a coach who worked with the young grandmaster, wrote in his book: “ It was difficult to think of any more ideal candidates for such a role than Harry's extremely ambitious mother. This was done gradually and subtly enough. The entry of Klara Kasparova into the role was approved by all interested parties. I was glad that she willingly took upon herself the solution of all technical issues related to our training camps and trips, negotiations with local leaders - I had plenty of purely chess problems. I did not take into account that her influence on her son is not limited by anything. And very soon her former softness and humanity gave way to a decisive, almost bossy, treatment of coaches.».

And Kasparov himself admitted: “ The main thing is that I can be frank with her, like with anyone else. At critical moments, you hear a voice that you used to believe for many years. Each of us needs someone to whom you can trust, to express everything without concealment, calling things by their proper names. And then, more often than not, you yourself understand what to do. Mom jokes that she absorbs my stress". Mother for Kasparov has always been an indisputable authority. He always listened to her advice, even if personal happiness had to be sacrificed.

This story became known only years later, when the famous actress Marina Neyelova admitted that she was raising a daughter born out of wedlock to Garry Kasparov. When they met, he was 21 and she was 37. Their romance was very fast-paced, but his mother was against the relationship that distracted him from his career. She publicly stated that her son had nothing to do with her daughter Neelova, born in 1987, although the outward resemblance of Nika to her father was obvious from childhood. Obeying his mother's will, Kasparov never acknowledged his paternity. And 2 years later, Neyelova married diplomat Kirill Gevorgyan, who replaced Nika's father.

Years later, Kasparov wrote: “ Our close communication with Marina Neyelova lasted more than two years. She was 16 years older than me, like all my then friends. Partly because I matured very quickly. But much more due to the fact that peers, as a rule, sought to get married as soon as possible. Of course, I could not even think about this, as I was preparing for my first world championship match. Marina suited me because she did not want to get married. She understood the true nature of my struggle and gave me support and support. ... But in 1986 I was very concerned about the preparations for the rematch ... I almost stopped seeing Marina. Parting was becoming inevitable. Therefore, I was completely sure that the child she was carrying could not be mine. Each of us already had a separate personal life. I tried to get it all out of my head and focused on chess».

In the meantime, victories followed one another in the chess player's career. In 1985 Garry Kasparov beat Anatoly Karpov to become 13th chess king and the youngest world champion (22.5 years). He was the sole leader of the FIDE rating for 21 years (from 1985 to 2006). Kasparov won about fifty victories in tournaments of various difficulty levels, became an 8-time champion of chess Olympiads and an 11-time winner of chess Oscars. The British included Kasparov in the list of 100 world geniuses, where he got 25th place. Interestingly, there were only 2 chess players on this list - Garry Kasparov and Bobby Fischer. Today Kasparov is called one of the greatest chess players in the world.

The grandmaster found personal happiness only in his third marriage. His first marriage with translator Maria Arapova broke up after 9 years, although their relationship had cracked 2 years earlier. The divorce was painful, the spouses communicated only through lawyers, and Kasparov did not see his daughter Polina for a long time. In 1996, the 33-year-old chess player married 18-year-old student Yulia Vovk, whose marriage also lasted 9 years. The couple had a son, Vadim. In 2005, immediately after the divorce was formalized, Kasparov married Daria Tarasova, who was 20 years his junior. A year later, their daughter Aida was born, and in 2015, his wife gave him a son, Nikolai.

In 2005 Garry Kasparov got involved in political activities. He announced that he was leaving professional sports for politics, since in his career he had already achieved everything he wanted. He took an openly critical position in relation to the current government, participated in many protest actions, created the opposition democratic movement Solidarity. Because of his activities, Kasparov was repeatedly detained by the police. In 2013, he decided to leave Russia for America and continue his struggle at the international level.

Kasparov says about his life today: “ I do not participate in tournaments, but sometimes in the evenings for my own pleasure I play on the Internet under a pseudonym. For me, this is an important element of spiritual relaxation. I publish books, read 20-25 lectures a year around the world».

Since then, a lot of criticism has sounded in his address, and he has twice as many opponents than supporters. The attitude of compatriots towards Garry Kasparov today cannot be called unequivocal: some still call him the greatest chess player in the world and the smartest man of the 20th century, while others stigmatize him for going into politics and moving to the United States. One thing is certain: he still leaves no one indifferent. Just like his American counterpart.

Ironically, none of his children play chess. Viva! recalls well-known and not so much facts from the biography of the 13th world chess champion, writer, the most influential Russian oppositionist in the West, the Kremlin's personal enemy and recognized playboy Garry Kasparov.

1. The head coach and advisor is the mother.“I can be frank with her as I am with no one else. At critical moments, you hear a voice that you used to believe for many years. Each of us needs someone to whom you can trust, to express everything without concealment, calling things by their proper names. And then, more often than not, you yourself understand what to do. Mom jokes that she absorbs my stress. "

2. The first serious romance was with a famous actress.“Our close communication with Marina Neyelova lasted more than two years. She was 16 years older than me, like all my then friends. Partly because I matured very quickly. But rather more due to the fact that peers, as a rule, sought to get married as soon as possible. Of course, I could not even think about this, as I was preparing for my first world championship match. Everything - my health, my training, my aspirations - was subordinated to this goal. On the other hand, I was a normal young man with ordinary needs and desires. Not a monk. It is quite possible that our union was based on the feeling of our exclusivity. "

3. Garry Kasparov did not recognize his daughter from Marina Neyelova.“We had a relationship. They were not fixed, moreover, they were not in any way isolated on the two of us. They probably didn’t end very well, but, nevertheless, I had no reason to believe that I had abandoned her with the child. In any case, I believe that if I had something to do with a child, then life would have turned out differently. "

4. In 2005 Garry Kasparov changed chess to politics.“There are too many generals and colonels in Russian politics and little intelligence. I hope that my ability to think strategically will help my homeland. "

5. Garry Kasparov considers chess players to be ordinary people.“Luzhin's Defense”, Zweig's chess novellas - great literature, unfortunately, has created clichés that cannot withstand any collision with reality. It is clear that there are people with their own oddities. But there are no more of them than in any other mental activity that requires tension. "

6. Garry Kasparov's third wife is 19 years apart.“I met my wife in St. Petersburg, at a lecture on alternative history. I was married, my son was growing up, but I decided to divorce. I realized that Dasha and I are on the same wavelength and I practically don't feel the 19-year age difference. Now I lead an extremely exemplary lifestyle and I really like myself that way. Although I am on the move. I don’t have an oil well or a candle factory, I live mainly on lectures ”.

7. Has a reputation as a playboy.“At 22, I became the world champion, I got money, status, opportunities. All this created a lot of temptations. Therefore, life, let's say, was rather chaotic. The admirers did not besiege the entrance, but there is something to remember. There was less confusion than one might think, but still enough. "

8. Garry Kasparov goes in for sports every day.“In the late 90s, I had perfect athletic tone, I did push-ups a hundred times. It has always been important for me to have a regime. It doesn't matter which one - the main thing is that it was. Whenever possible, you need to get enough sleep. I try to sleep during the day. In addition, it is important to eat properly and well. Naturally, I have never smoked, I have no need for alcohol. For me, four weeks at sea is a recovery, six weeks is a recharge. Walking, swimming, the right food, plus an hour a day - sports. You can do push-ups and swing abs without any simulators. "

9. Garry Kasparov considers Putin to be Hitler's successor.“I have a feeling that Putin instinctively tries to repeat even the rhythm of Hitler's speeches. How he does it is another matter, but the style of statements has long become the style of the Third Reich. Many psychological moments in his behavior with world leaders are a copy of what the Fuhrer was doing. And I believe the final part of the equation will be the same. "

10. Garry Kasparov's favorite number is 13.“I must in every possible way support the magical belief in the power of the number 13, because I have a lot to do with it: I was born on April 13, became the 13th world champion. Although, I must say that most of our superstitions are made up of a set of facts that are analyzed after the fact. We put together a kind of mosaic picture for ourselves, which has been successfully lined up, and then we begin to adjust everything to it. Accordingly, what does not fit into it, we carefully push aside. "

At the age of 16, he became world champion. And from 1985 to 1993 Kasparov remained the champion of the International Chess Federation (FIDE). His first match with Anatoly Karpov was the longest in the history of chess (September 1984 - February 1985). After 48 games, Karpov's psychological and physical stress (he was in the lead, but probably could have lost) was the reason for the referees to stop the match. Karpov retained the title of champion. Since then, unlimited matches have ceased to be played.

Six months later, the rematch was won by Kasparov. This is how Harry became the youngest holder of the world title. In 1986, 1987, 1990 he defended his title in matches against Karpov.

In 1993 the chess player left FIDE. At the same time, in the biography of Garry Kasparov, the Professional Chess Association was organized. In 1996 Kasparov played chess with a computer. For the first time in history, a world champion lost a game to a computer, although he won the match itself. In 1997, however, the IBM "Deep Blue" computer defeated Kasparov.

In 2000, in the biography of Kasparov, the title of world champion was lost to 25-year-old Vladimir Kramnik. Despite this, Kasparov was considered one of the the best chess players in the world. In 2003 Kasparov again played against computer program Deep Junior, this time a draw.

One of the greatest chess players, Kasparov left professional games in 2005. Since then, he devoted himself to political activities, trying to spread democracy in Russia. Kasparov announced his candidacy for the presidency in 2007. However, he was not registered because the congress of the group nominating him did not take place.

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